| Term | Definition |
| subcontinent | a large land area that is topographically seperated but still a part of a larger continent |
| monsoon | a wind syste affecting the climate of india and s.Asia; reverses direction seasonally, producing a wet season and a dry season |
| citadel | fortress-city center in IRV |
| Aryan | seminomadic group that originally came from eastern Europe and spoke an Indo-european language |
| caste | division within India's classsystem |
| Vedas | A collection of sacred hyms and poems |
| raja | ruler |
| varna | social class |
| brahmin | priest |
| Brahman | god |
| Buddhism | a religion founded in India by Siddharthat Guatama; stress moderation and nonviolence |
| moderation | the condition of not being excessive; not extreme |
| reincarnation | rebirth of a soul in a nother living thing |
| dharma | your duty, law, justice, or social obligation; law or teaching |
| karma | your thoughts,speech, and actions a person performs during a lifetime |
| sangha | buddhism's religious community |
| ahimsa | nonviolence |
| Hinduism | the major religion and way of life in modern India |
| guru | spiritual teacher |
| meditate | think deeply |
| nirvana | lastig peace |
| missionary | person who spreads religious beliefs to others |
| convert | to change beliefs |
| guild | an association of merchants or artisans who do the same work |