Science Human Biology and Health ch. 1
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67 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 cell | basic unit of structure and function in a living thing |
| cell membrane | forms the outside boundry of the cell |
| nucleus | the control center that directs the cell's activities and contains the information that determines the cell's form and function |
| cytoplasm | made of clear, jelly-like substance containing many cell structures called organelles |
| tissue | next largest unit of organization from the cell, a group of similar cells that perform the smae function |
| muscle tissue | can contract or shorten, by doing this the muscle tissue makes your body move |
| nervous tissue | directs and controls, carries electrical messages back and forth between the brain and other parts of the body |
| connective tissue | provides support for your body and connects all its parts, ex. bone tissue and fat are connective tissues |
| epithelial tissue | protects the surfaces of your body, inside and out, ex. lining of your digestive system |
| organ | a structure that is composed of different kinds of tissue, like a tissue an organ performs a certain job, generally more complex than that of a tissue, ex. stomach, heart, brain, and lungs |
| organ system | a group of organs that work together to perform a major function |
| circulatory system | transports materials to and from cells |
| digestive system | breaks down food and absorbs nutrients |
| nervous system | detects information from the environment and controls body functions |
| skeletal system | supports and protects the body |
| endrocrine system | controls many body processes by means of chemicals |
| muscular system | enables movement of the body and internal organs |
| excretory system | removes waste |
| respiratory system | takes in oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide |
| lymphatic system | cleans the body |
| reproductive system | men produce sperm from testies, women produce eggs from ovaries |
| integamentary system | skin |
| immune system | producing antibodies, fluid produced by tearducts, sweatglands |
| homeostasis | all the systems of the body work together to maintain homeostasis, the process by which an organism's internal environment is kept stable in spite of changes in the external environment |
| stress | reaction of your body to potentially threatening, challenging, or disturbing events |
| skeleton | framework, made of all the bones in your body |
| vertebrae | 26 small vertebra that make up your backbone |
| joint | place in the body where two bones come together, joints allow bones to move in different ways, 2 kinds of joints immovable and movable |
| immovable joint | allows little or no movement, ex. bones of your skull |
| movable joint | most of the joints in body |
| Hinge Joint | allows forward or backward motion, ex. knee, elbow |
| Ball-and-Socket Joint | allow the greatest range of motion, ex. shoulder to arm, hips |
| Pivot Joint | allows one bone to rotate around another, ex. head to neck |
| Gliding Joint | allows one bone to slide over another, ex. wrist, ankle |
| ligament | strong conmnective tissues that hold together bones in movable joints |
| cartilage | more flexable than bone,covers the end of bones and keeps them from rubbing together |
| compact bone | hard and dense but not solid, small cannals run through it |
| cannal | carry blood vessles and nerves through the compact bone |
| spongy bone | lightweight but strong, has many small spaces within it, contains soft connective tissue called marrow |
| marrow | there are two types of marrow red and yellow, red produces most of the bodies red blood cells, yellow marrow stores fat that can serve as an energy reserve |
| osteoporosis | a condition in which the body's bones become weak and break easily |
| fracture | a brake in the bone, can cause swelling |
| simple fracture | bone may be cracked or completely broken into two or more pieces |
| compound fracture | broken ends of the bone stick out throught the skin |
| dislocation | when the end of the bone comes out of its joint, can be put back in place by a docter, but sometimes needs surgery |
| sprain | occers when ligaments are stretched too far and tear in pieces, sharp pain, can cause swelling |
| X-ray | can determine weither a bone is broken or not, forms of energy that travel in waves, cannot be used to view soft tissues, such as muscle and internal organs |
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging | AKA M.R.I. a method for taking clear images of both bones and soft tissues of the body, electromagnets are used, amazingly sharp and clear, very expensive |
| Resonate | when your atoms vibrate from an MRI |
| Arthritis | a disease of the joints that makes movement painful |
| arthroscope | a tubeshaped instrument used in arthroscopic surgery, a camera is attached that projects the image onto a moniter |
| involuntary muscles | muscles not under your conscious control, responsible for activities as breathing and digesting |
| voluntary muscles | muscles that are under your conscious control |
| skeletal muscle | attached to the bones of your skeleton and provide the force that moves your bones |
| tendon | a strong connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone |
| straited | skeletal muscle cells become banded or "straited" |
| smooth muscle | involuntary muscles,work automatically to control certain movements inside your body, not straited, inside many internal organs, ex. stomach, blood vessels, |
| cardiac muscle | found only in your heart, involuntary, straited, does not get tired, can contract repeatedly "heartbeats" |
| epidermis | the outer layer of skin |
| dermis | the inner layer of skin |
| melanin | produced by cells deep in the epidermis, a pigment or colored substance, that gives skin its color, the more there is the darker your skin gets |
| pores | openings in the skin |
| folliciles | strands of hair that grow within the dermis |
| cancer | a disease in which some cells in the body divide uncontrollably |
| Semitendinosus | inside part of hamstring |
| Biceps Femoris | Outside of hamstring |
| Semimembranosus | bottom of hamstring |
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