1.
afterload: represents force that contracting heart must generate to eject blood from filled heart
2.
aldosterone: increases tubular reabsorption of sodium
3.
angiotensin 2: inclevels of antiduretic hormone which serves as a vasoconstrictor and inhibitor of water excreation
4.
Ascites: accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity
5.
cardiac asthma: praoxysmal dyspnea
6.
cardiac output: amount of blood heart pumps out each mintute
7.
catecholamines: sudden death by promoting arrhythmias
8.
causes of high output failure: rivenous shunting paget disease, it is specific and treatable
9.
congestionof peripheral tissue: edema
10.
cyanosis: excess desaturated hemoglobin in the blood
11.
decreased cardiac outoput: decreased tissue perfusion
12.
excessive sympathetic: decreased blood flow to the skin, muscles, kidneys and abdominal organs
13.
GI tract: peripheral tissues that get congested with r sided heart failure
14.
heart rate: beats per minute
15.
heart rate x stroke volume: cardiac output
16.
high output: excessive need for cardiac output , function of heart may be supranormal but inadequate due to excessive metabolic needs
17.
high output heart failure: uncommon type of herat failure
18.
hypoxia: not enought oxygen reaching body tissues
19.
iff RAA pathway: eventually trasmitted to atria and pulmonary circulation causing pulmonary congestion.
20.
impaired liver function: ascites, fatigue, yellowish discooration of skin
21.
impairs puming abillity of heart: ischemic heart disease and cardiomyopathy
22.
ischemia: restriction of blood supply
23.
ischemia is due to: factors in blood vessels with damage or dysfunctin of tisues it also means local anemia sometimes resulting from vasocontstriction thrombosis or embolism
24.
it is elevated during late stages of most heart failure: catecholamine (epinephrine and Norepinephrine) and sympathetic tone
25.
jaundice: when RBC break down yellow and green stuff result, but liver normally breaks down yellow stuff
26.
L sided heart failure: orthopnea symtom of
27.
l sided heart failure: cough with froty sputum,
28.
left heart failure: filure of L to move blood from pulmonary circulation to systemic circulation, blood backs up in the pulmonary circulation
29.
left sided heart falure: weakness, dizziness, shorness in breath
30.
liver: metabolizes fat and alcohol
31.
low output failure: disorders that impair pumping ability of heart
32.
most common cause of L sided heart Failure: acute myocardial infarction and cardiomyopathy
33.
myocardial hypertrophy: primary mechanisms heart uses to compensate for increased workload
34.
negative aspects of increased sympathetic activity: increased after load and increased peripheral vascular resistance
35.
orthopnea: shortness of breath whcih occurs when lying flat causing the person to have sleep propped up in bed or sitting in a chair.
36.
Orthopnea is also: commonly measured by the number of pillows needed to prop up the patient to enable breathing
37.
orthopnea symptom: left ventricular heart failure and or pulmonary edema
38.
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea: sudden severe shortness of breath at night that awakens a person from sleep with coughing and wheezing often. Associated with congestive heart failure
39.
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea: unlike orthopnea, it does not develop immediately upon lying down
40.
pathophysiology of heart failure: decrease pumping, and consequent decrease in cardiac reserve, and the adaptive mechansms
41.
peripheral: means body
42.
PND, paroxysmal dyspnea or cardiac asthma or paroxysmal dyspnea: often relieved by sitting upright, but not as quickly as simple orthopnea
43.
preload: loading condition of heart at end of diastole before the onset of systole
44.
preload is: the volume of blood streching the heart muscle at the end of diastole
45.
pulmonary edema: offten occurs at night
46.
R heart failure: failure to pump blood forward into the pulmonary circulation and blood backs up in the systemic circuation causin peripheral edema and congestion of abdominal organs
47.
R sided heart failure: causing congestion of abdominal organ
48.
R sided heart failure also: anorexia, gi distress, weight loss
49.
stroke volume: how much blood the heart pumps with each beat
50.
thoes adaptive mechanasims: also contribute to heart failure.
51.
too much blood in lungs: L side heart failure
