AbC: Chapter 2
Order by
39 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Theory | A systematic set of statements designed to help analyze, explain, predict, and even suggest ways of controlling certain phenomena of interest |
| Etiology | The "cause" of emotional/behavioral problems |
| Oral Stage | A time when infants focus on the world and get pleasure from food and objects through their mouth |
| Anal Stage | The pleasure that develops from the anal region |
| Phallic Stage | Children experiencing pleasure with their genitals |
| Latency Period | The lack of attention to sexual pleasures or other sexual matters |
| Genital Stage | Again characterized by a focus on the genitals as related to pleasurable activities |
| Object Relations | A theory that highlights the importance of the infant's relationship with the parent or caregiver |
| Attachment Theory | Infants are attached to their primary caretaker(s) in a manner that affects children's emotional well-being throughout their lives |
| Secure Attachment | When the infant uses the parent as a base from which to explore a new environment |
| Anxious Insecure Attachment | Type of attachment that is split into 3 subtypes |
| Avoidant Attachment | Where the infant ignores or avoids the parent after a separation |
| Ambivalent Attachment | Where the infant shows distress when the parent leaves, but shows anger or rejection when the parent returns |
| Disorganized Attachment | Where the infant shows an inconsistent pattern of attachment, sometimes reaching out for the parent wihtout looking at the parent and sometimes rejecting the parent on return altogether |
| Genotype | A child's genetic makeup that is inherited from his or her parents |
| Phenotype | Observable characteristics in the child that are created from the interaction of heredity and environment |
| Endophenotype | The interaction between genotype and phenotype, which reflects the interaction between nature and nurture |
| Heritability | The proportion of variation from genetic influences; Calculated by dividing the variance due to genotype by the variance due to phenotype |
| Monozygotic (MZ) Twins | Identical twins |
| Dizygotic (DZ) Twins | Fraternal twins |
| Adoption Studies | The comparison of both DZ and MZ twins who are raised apart and those who are raised together |
| Behavioral Genetics | Focuses on the connections between inherited genetic influences and environmental influences in relation to the development of psychopathology |
| Shared Environment | The common experiences in siblings' environments |
| Nonshared Environment | The unique aspects of the family that each sibling experiences differently than the others |
| Automatic Thoughts | Immediate, unquestioned thoughts that individuals experience when faced with a new or recurrent situation or event |
| Cognitive Distortions | Thoughts that are distorted or changed from reality |
| Homeostasis | To stay the same |
| Enmeshed | Families who show too much closeness |
| Disengaged | Families who show too much distance |
| Macrosystem | Most distant from the child; contains the beliefs and values of the cultures |
| Exosystem | A bit closer to the child; includes a number of social structures in which the child and family live |
| Mesosystem | The interconnections between the various community systems |
| Microsystem | Closest to the child; focus on the immediate environment in which the child lives |
| Ontogenic Development | The internal state that relates to the child's development and adaptation |
| Niche Picking | Children and adolescents are thought to choose their peer group and friends based on their own level of deviant behavior |
| Developmental Trajectories | How behavior changes over time |
| Multifinality | One particular experience may lead to a number of different outcomes in various children |
| Equifinality | A particular outcome can have many different sources |
| Resilience | Children who overcome adverse environments to achieve healthy developmental outcomes |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.