| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Diamond | a form of the element carbon; it is the hardest mineral crystal on Earth |
| Graphite | A form of the element carbon in which carbon atoms form flat layers |
| Fullerene | A form of the element carbon that consists of carbon atoms arranged in a repeating pattern similar to the surface of a soccer ball |
| Organic Compound | Most compounds that contain carbon |
| Hydrocarbon | An organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen |
| Molecular formula | A combination of chemical symbols that represent the elements in each molecule of a compound |
| Subscript | A number in a formula written lower and smaller than the symbol to indicate the number of atoms of an element in a molecule (like H2O) |
| structural formula | A description of a molecule that shows the kind, number, and arrangement of atoms |
| isomer | One of a number of compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures |
| saturated hydrocarbon | A hydrocarbon in which all the bonds between carbon atoms are single bonds |
| unsaturated hydrocarbon | A hydrocarbon in which one or more of the bonds between carbon atoms is double or triple |
| substituted hydrocarbon | A hydrocarbon in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by atoms of other elements |
| hyroxyl group | an –OH group, found in alcohols |
| alcohol | A substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more hydroxyl groups(-OH) |
| organic acid | A substituted hydrocarbon with one or more of the –COOH group (carboxyl group) of atoms |
| carboxyl group | a –COOH group, found in organic acids |
| ester | An organic compound made by chemically combing an alcohol and an organic acid |
| polymer | A large molecule in the form of a chain in which many smaller molecules are bonded together |
| monomer | One molecule that makes up the links in a polymer chain |
| synthetic | A material that is not formed naturally but is manufactured |
| nutrient | A substance that provides energy or raw materials for the body to grow, repair worn parts, or to function properly |
| digestion | The process of breaking polymers into monomers by means of a chemical change |
| carbohydrate | An energy-rich organic compound made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| glucose | A sugar found in the body; the monomer of many complex carbohydrates |
| complex carbohydrate | A long chain, or polymer, of simple carbohydrates |
| starch | A complex carbohydrate in which plants store energy |
| cellulose | A complex carbohydrate found in plant structures |
| protein | An organic compound that is a polymer of amino acids; body uses it to repair cells and “spare parts” |
| amino acid | One of 20 kinds of organic compounds that are the monomers of proteins |
| lipid | An energy-rich polymer made of carbon, hydrogen , and oxygen; fats, oils, waxes, and cholesterol are lipids |
| fatty acid | An organic compound that is the monomer of a fat or oil |
| cholesterol | A waxy lipid found in all animal cells |
| nucleic acid | A very large organic compound made up of carbon hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorous; examples are DNA and RNA |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic Acid |
| RNA | RiboNucleic Acid |
| Nucleotide | An organic compound that is one of the monomers of nucleic acid |
| Vitamin | An organic compound that serves as a helper molecule in a variety of chemical reactions in the body |
| Mineral | A simple element needed by the body, that is not organic |
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