APUSH chapter 21
About this set
Created by:
MeganRuffley on February 16, 2010
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40 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Progressive | The idea that the rapid industrialism and urbanization of society had created a huge problem- that the nation needed to impose order on the growing chaos and to curb industrial society's most glaring injustices. |
| Muckrakers | crusading journalists who directed public attention toward social, economic, and political injustices. |
| Charles Francis Adams Jr. | Along with others, this man uncovered corruption among the railroad barons. |
| Ida Tarbell | Produced a scorching study of the Standard Oil Trust. |
| Lincoln Steffens | Reporter from McClure's Magazine whose portraits of a "machine government" and "boss rule" in cities had a studied moral outrage that was reflected in the title of his book that emerged from it, "The Shame of the Cities." |
| The Social Gospel | The effort to make faith into a tool of social reform. |
| The Salvation Army | Started in England, was a Christian social welfare organization with a vague military structure. In 1900, it recruited 3,000 "officers" and 20,000 "privates" and was offering material aid and spiritual service to the poor. |
| Charles Sheldon | Wrote In His Steps, the story of a young minister who abandoned his comfortable post to work among the needy. This book sold over 15 million copies. |
| The Settlement House Movement | Based on the belief that a person's success depends on their environment and if elevating the distressed it required an improvement of the conditions in which the distressed lived. In 1889, this was the most famous settlement house in Chicago as a result of the efforts of Jane Addams. It became a popular model for over 400 similar institutions throughout the nation. |
| Thorstein Veblen | Author of "A Theory of the Leisure Class", which he was harshly critical of the industrial tycoons of the late nineteenth century. Veblen proposed a new economic system in which power could reside in the hands of highly trained engineers, because only they could fully understand the "machine process" by which modern society was governed. |
| Taylorism | An idea of scientific management that encouraged the development of mass-production technology and the assembly line. |
| The American Medical Association | 1901, A national professional society that, by 1920, nearly two-thirds of all American doctors were members. They quickly called for strict, scientific standards for admission into the practice of medicine. |
| The National Association of Manufacturers | Established in 1895, for the cooperation of manufacturers. |
| The US Chamber of Commerce | Established in 1912. |
| Boston marriages | Long-term relationships between two single women. |
| The General Federation of Womens Clubs | Formed by women to coordinate the activities of local organizations. Established in 1892. |
| The National Association of Colored Women | Modeled themselves and their lives on their white counterparts. |
| The Womens Trade Union League | 1903, founded by female union members and upper-class reformers. The objective was to be committed to persuading women to join unions. |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | Wrote in 1892 of a woman as "the arbiter of her own destiny...if we are to consider her as a citizen, as a member of a great nation, she must have the same rights as all other members." |
| Anna Howard Shaw | Along with Carrie Chapman Catt, they led the National American Suffrage Association which grew from 13,000 members in 1893 to over 2 million in 1917. |
| The Nineteenth Amendment | Ratified in 1920, woman's suffrage. |
| Alice Paul | The head of the National Woman's Party. She argued that the Nineteenth Amendment alone would not be enough to protect woman's rights. |
| The City-Manager Plan | An approach toward reform in which elected officials hired an outside, professionally trained business manager to take charge of the government. By the end of the progressive era, most smaller cities were operating under commission, and another 45 employed city managers. |
| Initiative | This allowed reformers to circumvent state legislatures altogether by submitting new legislation directly to the voters in general elections. |
| Referendums | Provided a method in which actions of the legislature could be returned to the electorate for approval. |
| Direct Primary | An attempt to take the selection of candidates away from bosses and given to the people. |
| The Recall | Gave voters the right to remove a public official from office through a special election. An election could be called after a sufficient number of citizens had signed a petition. |
| Robert La Follette | from Wisconsin, he was the most celebrated state-level reformer. He helped turn his position as governor into what reformers across the nation described as a "laboratory of progressiveness." The Wisconsin progressives won approval of direct primaries, initiatives, and referendums. |
| The Union Labor Party | Committed to a program of reform. Almost indistinguishable from that of the middle-class and elite progressives in the city. |
| Tammany Hall | The Nation's oldest and most notorious city machine. Charles Francis Murphy was its leader. Was to fuse the techniques of boss rule with some of the concerns of social reformers. This used its political power on behalf of legislature to improve working conditions and eliminate the worst abuses of the industrial economy. |
| Triangle Shirtwaist Company | Located in New York's Washington Square. A terrible fire took place in 1911, 146 workers were killed, most of them were women. For the next three years, state commission studied not only the background of the fire but the general condition of the industrial workplace. By 1914, the commission had issued a series of reports calling for major reforms in the conditions of modern labor institutes. |
| W.E.B. Du Bois | A Harvard graduate in sociology and history. In "The Souls of Black Folk", he launched an open attack on Washington's "Atlanta Compromise." He accused Washington of unnecessarily limiting the aspirations of his race and advocated that talented blacks should accept nothing less than a full education. |
| The Niagara Movement | When Du Bois and a group of his supporters met at Niagara Falls and launched this movement. |
| The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People included | Consisted of Du Bois and his followers and led the drive for equal rights for blacks. They used one of their principle weapons, lawsuits in the federal courts. |
| The Woman's Christian Temperance Movement | Led by Frances Willard and by 1911, it had 245,000 members along with becoming the largest single woman's organization in American history. |
| Eighteenth Amendment | Ratified in 1919; prohibition. |
| Eugene V. Debs | 37. The Socialist Party's presidential candidate for the 1912 election. He received nearly one million ballots. |
| The Industrial Worker of the World | Members were known to their opponents as "Wobblies," Led by William "Big Bill" Haywood. They were believed to have been responsible for the dynamiting of railroad lines, power stations, and other acts of terror. |
| Louis D Brandeis | A brilliant lawyer and justice of the Supreme Court who spoke and wrote about the "curse of bigness." |
| Herbert Croly | Wrote "The Promise of American Life." This became an influential progressive document. Theodore Roosevelt endorsed that position, and became the most powerful symbol of the reform impulse at the national level. |
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