chapter 11 vocab
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Created by:
st10cmeredick91 on February 17, 2010
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38 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Endocrine System | includes cells, tissues, and organs that secrete hormones directly into body fluids |
| Hormone | a biochemical that a cell secretes to affect the functions of another cell |
| Target Cells | those cells with specific receptors for the hormone molecules |
| Prostaglandins | lipids synthesized from a fatty acid in cell membranes |
| Negative Feedback System | control many hormonal secretions |
| Pituitary Gland | located at the base of the brain where a pituitary stalk attaches it to the hypothalamus |
| Anterior Pituitary | anterior lobe |
| Posterior Pituitary | posterior lobe |
| Hypophyseal Portal Veins | pass downward along the pituitary stalk and give rise to a capillary net in the anterior pituitary |
| Growth Hormone | stimulates cells to increase in size and more rapidy divide |
| Prolactin | stimulates and sustains a woman's milk production following the birth of an infant |
| Thyroid Stimulating Hormone | controls thyroid gland secretions |
| Adrenocorticotrpoic Hormone | controls the manufacture and secretion of certain hormones from the outer layer or cortex of the adrenal gland |
| Follicle Stimulating and Luteinizing Hormone | gonadotropins which means they exert their actions on the gonads or reproductive organs |
| Antidiuretic Hormone and Oxytocin | hormones travel down axons through the pituitary stalk to the posterior lobe and vesicles near the ends of the axons store them |
| Thyroid Gland | a very vascular structure that consists of two large lobes connected by a broad isthmus |
| Thyroxine | also known as T4 because it contains four atoms of iodine |
| Triodothyronine | known as T3 because it includes three atoms of iodine |
| Calcitonin | is often not considered a thyroid hormone because the glands extrafollicular cells produce it |
| Parathyroid Glands | are on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland |
| Parathyroid Hormone | it increases blood calcium concentration and decreases blood phosphate ion concentration |
| Adrenal Gland | closely associated with the kidneys |
| Adrenal Medulla | the central portion of the adrenal gland |
| Adrenal Cortex | the outer part of the adrenal gland |
| Epinephrine and Norepenephrine | hormones that have similar molecular structures and physiological functions |
| Aldosterone | a mineralocorticoid because it helps regulate the concentration of mineral electrolytes |
| Cortisol | a glucocorticoid which means it affects glucose metabolism |
| Pancreas | consists of two major types of secretory tissues |
| Glucagon | stimulates the liver to break down glycogen and certain noncarbohydrates such as amino acids into glucose raising blood glucose concentration |
| Insulin | stimulates the liver to form glycogen from glucose and inhibits concersion of noncarbohydrates into glucose |
| Pineal Gland | a small structure located deep between the cerebral hemispheres where it attaches to the upper portion of the thalamus near the roof of the third ventricle |
| Melatonin | pineal gland secretes this hormone and it is to response to the light conditions outside the body |
| Circadian Rhythms | are patterns of repeated activity associated with the enviromental cycles of day and night |
| Thymus Gland | lies in the mediastinum posterior to the sternum and between the lungs is relatively large in young children but shrinks with age |
| Thymosins | affect the production and differentiation of certain white blood cells |
| Ovaries | produce estrogens and progesterones |
| Placenta | produces estrogens, progesterone, and gondotropin |
| Testes | produce testosterone |
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