Science Focus 10 - Biology Set 1: Intro Definitions
About this set
Created by:
Hilsabilly on January 19, 2013
Description:
Alberta Science Focus 10 - Biology (Published 2004)
Unit 3 Cycling of Matter in Living Systems
Chapter 7 The Basis of Life
Chapter 8 Dynamic Cells
Chapter 9 From Cell to Organism: Focus on Plants
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38 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Aristotle (384 BC - 322 BC) | a Greek philosopher whose theory of abiogenesis or spontaneous generation was accepted for over 2000 years. |
| Abiogenesis | living things could arise from non-living Matter. |
| Aristotle Method | created his theories on the origin of life based on his many observations, however, he did not conduct any scientific experiments to test his ideas. |
| Francesco Redi (1626 - 1697) | Italian physician who used controlled scientific experiments to refute the theory of spontaneous generation |
| Louis Pasteur (1822 - 1895) | French scientist who finally settled the continued debate of the theory of abiogenesis. |
| Biogenesis | living things could only arise from other living organisms. |
| Cell | smallest functional unit of life |
| Cell Theory | explains and defines the boundary between the living and non-living. |
| Robert Hooke (1635 - 1703) | looked at cork with a compound light microscope (30X magnification) and was the first to see and name "cells". |
| Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1632 - 1723) | Dutch linen merchant who first described single-celled microorganisms. He called his sightings "animalcules" |
| Matthias Schleiden (1804 - 1881) and Theodor Schwann (1810 - 1882) | German scientists who studied cells in hundreds of plants and whose research contributed to the cell theory, stating that "all organisms are made of cells " |
| Rudolf Vichow | German physician who made microscopic observations of cells dividing and completed the cell theory still accepted today. |
| Rudolf Virchow | the first scientist to link illnesses to malfunctioning cells |
| The Cell Theory | 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells. 2. The cell is the smallest functional unit of life. 3. All cells are produced from other cells. |
| Light Microscopes | use to view objects illuminated by visible light |
| Simple microscope | used only one lens (similar to a magnifying glass) |
| Compound microscope | uses two or more lenses placed one on top of the other |
| Electron microscope | specimens are illuminated with a beam of electrons instead of a beam of light. It magnifies up to 1.2 million times |
| Electron micrograph | the photograph of the image produced by an electron microscope |
| TEM | transmission electron microscope |
| SEM | scanning electron microscope |
| CLSM | confocal laser scanning microscope |
| STM | scanning tunnelling microscope |
| Genes | sections of DNA that direct the activities of our cells - changes in the gene can cause improper cell function eg. Sickle cell anemia |
| DNA | carries all genetic information of the organism, coiled to form chromosomes, found in the nucleus of every cell |
| 4 Bases of DNA | Adenine pairs with Thymine, Cytosine pairs with Guanine |
| Genetic Code | made up of thousands of pairs of DNA bases |
| Q: Fill in the missing bases on this piece of DNA | A __ T__ G__ C__ |
| Gene Sequencing | mapping the order of all of a gene's bases |
| Human Genome Project (HGP) | an international project to sequence all 30000 to 40,000 human genes |
| Gene Therapy | human gene is "corrected" to help cure a disorder or cancer |
| Cancer | most cancers are caused by gene damage, some of which create mutations |
| Mutations | changes in the base sequence of a gene |
| Virus | non-cellular structure made of a piece of genetic material enclosed in a protein coat. In order to reproduce, a virus must infect a cell |
| Prion | a protein that can convert into a harmful particle which can reproduce in living tissue |
| Cell culture | isolated cells are given nutrients and their growth and division are studied |
| Cell lines | the generations of cells produced from a culture; can be grown indefinitely in a lab |
| Stem cells | "blank slate" cells that divide to produce all other types of specialized cells |
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