1.
"Old Ironsides": nickname for the 'Constitution', one of the 3 frigates in the American navy. It destroyed two British vessels -- the 'Guerriére' and 'Java'. After seeing a shot bounce off it's hull, the Consitution got its nickname
2.
Adams-Onís Treaty: After Andrew Jackson went beyond his instructions and captured 2 Spanish forts in Florida, Luis de Onís, the Spanish minister to the United States was upset. Adams negotiated with the Adams-Onís Treaty in 1819. Spain gave up its Florida territories, and agreed that the US would give up its claims to Spanish Texas and also pay the $5 million that Spain owed America; in addition it extended the border northwest to the 42nd parallel.
3.
Andrew Jackson: led the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, broke the Creeks' resistance, won the Battle of New Orleans; In April, 1818, he invaded Spanish East Florida, seizing control of 2 Spanish forts (going beyond his instructions)
4.
Battle of Tippecanoe: William Henry Harrison attacked Prophetstown on the Tippecanoe River; After more than 2 hourse of fighting, the Prophet's forces fled in defeat to Canada; left 1/4 of Harrison's troops dead, but many more Indians were killed, Prophetstown was destroyed, shattered Indian confidence in the Prophet.
5.
Embargo Act of 1807: banned imports from and exports to all foreign countries in hopes of hurting Great Britain but avoiding war because they were practicing impressment on American ships; turned out to be a disaster because England gained agricultural goods from Latin American countries, wiping out American trade with other nations
6.
Federalist Party: political party in the US; nominated Charles Pinckey to run against James Madison, but had little support in areas other than New England; gathered in Connecticut at the Hartford Conventionsome in favor of secession) and drew up a list of proposed amendments to the Consitution, and lost respect
7.
Fort McHenry: fort near Baltimore, was attacked by British after they attacked Washington D.C.; during the night of September 13-14, Key wrote "The Star-Spangled Banner" about the attack on Fort McHenry
8.
Francis Scott Key: young attorney who watched as the bombs burst over Fort McHenry on September 13-14; wrote the poem "The Star-Spangled Banner" which became the national anthem in 1931.
9.
How did John Quincy Adams settle disputes with Great Britain?: In 1817, in the Rush-Bagot Treaty provided for a disarmament on the Great Lakes and along the border between the US and Canada. At the Convention of 1818, the boundary of the Louisiana Territory between the US and Canada was set at the 49th parallel (creating a demilitarized border)
10.
How did Tecumseh deal with the white settlers?: He built a confederacy among Native Americans in the Northwest to unite against the white settlers; his brother spoke about abandoning the ways of the white settlers; he talked with Harrison and the white people with him about the possibility of war
11.
John Calhoun: War Hawk from South Carolina; supported the young federal government, argued for the need of a strong army and navy and for the establishment of a national bank; influential member of Congress, supported state rights and the South
12.
John Quincy Adams: President Monroe's secretary of state, helped establish Candian boundaries and Oregon Country, formed the Adams-Onís Treaty (gaining Florida), and stated that the US should support countries trying to gain independence
13.
Miguel Hidalgo: led a rebellion against the Spanish government of Mexico, called for racial equality and the redistribution of land; the Spanish defeated the revolutionary forces and executed Hidalgo
14.
Monroe Doctrine: In 1822 the Quadruple Alliance discussed a plan to help Spain regain its American holdings. Monroe warned foreign countries not to interfere with nations in the Western hemisphere, and not to set up colonies. He also sated that the US would not interfere with European countries or colonies. It notified the world that the US was a new force in world politics, and served as the cornerstone for American diplomacy
15.
Oliver Hazard Perry: commander of the Lake Erie naval forces in the War of 1812, defeated the British naval forces on September 10, 1813 on Lake Erie.
16.
Pirates: pirates off the Barbary Coast raided American ships, and demanded tribute; in 1804 they seized the Philadelphia and threw the crew in jail; US paid $60,000 for their release
17.
privateers: armed private ships, attacked British ships during the War of 1812
18.
Simón Bolívar: the "Liberator" led the movement that won freedom for the present-day countries of Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, Bolivia, and Ecuador
19.
Tecumseh: powerful Shawnee chief, built a confederacy among Native Americans in the Northwest; wanted to stop the pioneers' movement west, fled to Canada when Americans won the battle of Tippecanoe; brother of 'The Prophet'
20.
Texas: under the rule of Mexico starting 1821-1836 when the inhabitants revolted and gained independence; gained US statehood in 1845
21.
Washington D.C.: capitol of the USA; was attacked by British in August 1814, and burned many buildings
22.
What did neutral rights include?: A nation not involved in a conflict had neutral rights -- the right to sail the seas and not take sides; this also means that they should not be attacked by conflicting nations
23.
What did President Monroe use his Inaugural Address to do?: he expressed his feelings of hope and optimism for the country; he stated that we had done exceedingly well thus far, and more greatness awaits us.
24.
What song was inspired by the attack on Fort McHenry?: "The Star-Spangled Banner" was written by Francis Scott Key after watching the bombs burst over Fort McHenry on the night of September 13th.
25.
When were American neutral rights violated?: Britain and France went to war in 1803; by 1805, they were enforcing a new strategy: Britain blockaded the French coast and threatened to search all ships trading with France, and vice versa. In addition, Britain began practicing impressment on American sailors.
26.
Who was Prophet?: Tenskwatawa -- Tecumseh's brother. He urged Native Americans to return to the customs of their ancestors; founded Prophetstown in northern Indiana; was defeated at Prophetstown (Battle of Tippecanoe)
27.
Whom did the War Hawks favor?: The War Hawks, being young Republicans elected to Congress in 1810, favored the Republican Party, along with the South.
28.
Why did Americans want to settle Mexican territory?: Many believed that the US had a right to expand its territory from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean; this would make the young country rich and power powerful provide security, because the US would be bordered by the sea instead of by foreign powers
29.
Why did the US declare war on Britain in 1812?: The President asked Congress for a declaration of war, citing the following reasons: (1) impressment of American sailors (2) violations of American sea rights (3) blockading of American ports and (4) British interference with seagoing trade and commerce to and from the US.
30.
Why were Latin American Leaders fighting for independence?: They wanted to rid themselves of the leadership of Spain and Portugal. hidalgo called for racial equality and redistribution of land; they were also inspired by US ideals
31.
Why were the Barbary pirates successful?: They sailed the Mediterranean Sea, raiding ships in the area. Once captured, they demanded tribute from European governments to let their ships pass safely.
