Chapter 14: Brain and Cranial Nerves
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60 terms
Latin | English |
|---|---|
| Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Brainstem |  The three major parts of the brain |
| Cerebrum | Largest part of the brain associated with higher mental functions |
| Cerebellum | Second largest part of the brain that coordinates voluntary muscular activity |
| Diencephalon | Gives rise to the thalamus, hypothalamus, and the epithalamus |
| Brainstem | Part of the spinal cord that consists of the medulla oblongata, pons, and the midbrain. Also coordinates and regulates visceral activities. |
| Falx Cerebri | Seperates the two cerebral hemispheres |
| Falx Cerebelli | Seperates the two cerebellar hemispheres |
| Tentorium | Seperates the cerebrum from the cerebellum |
| Internal carotid | Arteries that carry blood to the brain |
| Internal jugular | Veins that return the blood from the brain |
| Blood-brain barrier | Protects brain from harmful substances |
| Brain stem | Helps maintain homeostasis and allows brain and spinal cord to communicate |
| Medulla oblongata, midbrain, reticular foramen, pons | The four parts of the brain stem |
| Medulla oblongata | Transmits all ascending and descending impulses |
| Cardiac Center | Controlls heart rate in the medulla oblongata |
| Vasomotor center | Controlls blood pressure in the medulla oblongata |
| Respitory center | Regulates the rhythm of breathing in the medulla oblongata |
| Midbrain | Short section of the brainstem between the diencephalon and the pons |
| Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus | Parts of the diencephalon |
| Heart rate, arterial blood pressure, body temperature, water and electrolyte balance, hunger, body weight, movements and secretions of the GI tract, sleep and wakefulness, growth and reproduction | 7 things the hypothalamus regulates |
| Epithalamus | Small region superior to the thalamus |
| Vermis | Connects the two hemispheres of the cerebellum |
| Arbor vitae | Cerebellar white matter |
| Corpus collosum | Deep bridge of nerve fibers that connect the two cerebral hemispheres |
| Frontal,Parietal, Temporal, Occipital | The 4 lobes of the cerebral hemispheres |
| Sulcus | Shallow groove |
| Fissure | Deep groove |
| Association fibers | transmit intrahemispheric impulses |
| Commissural fibers | Transmit interhemispheric impulses |
| Projection fibers | Transmit ascending and descending impulses |
| Frontal eye field | controls voluntary movements of the eyes and eyelids |
| reasoning, judjement, emotions, verbalizing ideas and storing memories | Funtions of the association areas |
| Basal ganglia | Masses of gray matter located deep within the cerebral hemishperes |
| Receiving and analyzing sensory imput | Function of the cerebral hemispheres |
| emotion,art,mental imagery (3D), music | Functions of the right cerebral hemisphere |
| Analytical problem solving, verbal | Functions of the left hemisphere |
| 12 | Number of cranial nerves |
| Sensory | Is the Olfactory nerve motor, mixed or a sensory nerve? |
| Sensory | Is the Optic nerve mixed, sensory, or a motor nerve? |
| Sense of smell | Function of the Olfactory nerve |
| Nerve of vision | Function of the Optic nerve |
| Motor | Is the Oculomotor nerve sensory, motor, or a mixed nerve? |
| Supply extrinsic eye muscles to control movement in the eyeball and upper eyelid | Function of the Oculomotor nerve. |
| Motor | Is the Trochlear nerve motor, mixed, or a sensory nerve? |
| Controlls movement of the eyeball | Function of the trochlear nerve |
| Mixed | Is the Trigeminal nerve a sensory, mixed, or motor nerve? |
| Motor | Is the Abductens nerve a motor, sensory, or mixed nerve? |
| Abduction of the eyeball | Function of the Abductens nerve |
| Mixed | Is the Facial nerve a motor, mixed, or sensory nerve? |
| Sensory | Is the Vestibulocohlear nerve a sensory, motor, or mixed nerve? |
| Vestibular | Branch that carried impulses for equilibruim |
| Chochlear | Branch that carries impulses for hearing |
| Mixed | Is the Glossopharyngeal nerve a mixed, motor, or sensory nerve? |
| Carry signals from the taste buds of the posterior one-third of the tongue | Function of the glossopharyngeal nerve |
| Mixed | Is the Vagus nerve a motor, sensory, or mixed nerve? |
| Swallowing and Vocalization | Functions of the Vagus nerve |
| Motor | Is the Accessory nerve a mixed, motor, or sensory nerve? |
| Supplies nerves to the sternocloidmastoid and trapezius muscles to coordinate head movements | Function of the Accessory nerve |
| Motor | Is the Hypoglossal nerve a motor, sensory, or mixed nerve? |
| Conducts impulses for speech and swallowing | Function of the Hypoglossal nerve |
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