Ch 23 French Rev
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Created by:
mwitt on February 18, 2010
Subjects:
Global Patterns of Civilizations II
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59 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 First Estate and divisions | clergy: Upper (also part of second estate,bishops, cardinals, abbots) and lower clergy (poorly-paid, parish, priests); privileged, 1% of pop, not taxed |
| Upper clergy views | sought to preserve privileges of the Old Regime (conservative) --> favored limited monarchy, agreed and allied with nobility, felt threatened by bourgeoisie, view the peasants as workers and frustrated by their refusal to fulfill feudal obligations |
| Lower clergy views | liberal-minded like the Third Estate, in favor of limited monarchy, resented but respect nobility, ally with bourgeoisie, could identify with peasants |
| Second Estate and divisions | nobility: upper nobility (of the sword sword, old families) and lower nobility (of the robe, social climbers), highest positions in church, army, and bureaucracy from resurgence after death of Louis XIV; 2% of pop who owned 25% of the land, pay no taxes |
| Upper Nobility views | conservative, sought limited monarchy to preserve rights, support clergy, threatened by bourgeioisie frustrated by complaints of peasants; served the king at Versailles, had the name, power, and wealth |
| Lower nobility views | "liberal", sought limited monarchy but depended on the king for their social status, support clergy, threatened by bourgeoisie taking power but they brought more people to their group, frustrated by the complaints of peasants; had the name but not the power |
| Third estate and divisions | everyone else: bourgeoisie, peasantry, and urban workers (sans-culottes), 25 million |
| Bourgeoisie views | frustrated with monarchy because of limited privileges and sought limited monarchy, tension with clergy because they oppose the rcc, envious and resentful of nobility, wealthy but not privilege: merchants, manufacturers, bankers, doctors, lawyers, intellectuals, owned 20% of land |
| Peasant views | rebellious of monarchy because they were always hit with taxes, very loyal to the clergy, great resentment of nobility, 21 million |
| urban workers | resent monarchy, clergy, and nobility |
| Louis XVI and Marie Antoniette | weak leadership were a cause of the French Rev |
| Parlements | 13 regional law courts, the most powerful of which is the one in Paris, used as an arm for nobilty for blocking king's decrees (no unified law) |
| Causes of French Revolution | social, political, intellectual, economc |
| Social causes of French Rev | rigid social hierarchy --> 3 estates and tremendous grievances against the inequality of privileges |
| Political causes of French Rev | struggle between weak leadership of the monarchy and the Resurgent aristocracy |
| Intellectual causes of French Rev | enlightenment ideas: change is good, progress for humanity and american revolution: inspiration, proof that progress is possible and that common man can win (common man vs. tyranny) |
| Economic causes of French Rev | wealth not distributed, huge gaps between rich and poor, debt, poor harvest --> rising bread prices --> tension |
| Cause of France's debt | support of the American Rev and the Seven Years war |
| National Assembly | June 17, 1789: created a new legislative body with the Third Estate and the lower clergy combined |
| Attempt to allieviate French debt | taxes on the nobility and clergy but the parlement claimed that only the Estates General should pay |
| Estates General | Louis XVI's advisory |
| Tennis Court Oath | NA was locked out of their building so took an oath to stay on the tennis court until thy had given France a constitution. Although called to desist by the king, most of the clergy and nobles joined --> June 27 the king gave in and NA became National Constituent Assembly |
| Storming of the Bastille | Who: Parisian crowd and the royal troops What: • Parisian crowd marched to the Bastille looking for weapons of the militia • Royal troops killed 98 in the crowd • Crowd stormed the fortress and released several prisoners, killed several soldiers, and the governor • Did not find weapons When: July 14, 1789 Where: Paris, France; The Bastille (a great fortress that formerly held political prisoners) Why: Showed that the political future would not only be controlled by the NCA |
| The Great Fear | Who: French peasants and the French nobility What: • The actions of the peasants against the nobles in the French countryside • The peasants vent about injustices against them, reclaim rights and properties lost in aristocratic resurgence in the last 25 years, and refuse to pay feudal dues • Burned chateaux, destroyed documents When: July-August 1789 Where: French countryside |
| Result of the Great Fear | August 4, 1789 decree: members of First and Second Estate surrendered their special privileges so that France's laws applied equality for all |
| Declaration of the Rights of Man | Who: created by NCA What: says: • all men were born free and equal with natural rights to liberty, property (sacred), and personal safety • gov't exists to protect those rights • all political leadership is in the nation and its representatives and all citizens are eligible for public office • all citizens equal before law and have right to due process, innocence until proven guilty • freedom of religion • heaviness of taxation based on capacity to pay When: August 27, 1789 |
| Women's March on Versailles | Bread shortages continued Who: several thousand Parisian women What: - women march to Versailles demanding bread When: October 5, 1789 Where: Paris to Versailles Why: - One of many times that women play an important role in crowd revolt - October 6, 1789 (the next day), the king and his family follow the women back to Paris. Followed by the NCA |
| Louis XVI's reaction to the Declaration of the Right of Man | he stalled the ratification of the declaration and the ending of feudalism --> made people think he might resort to force |
| Civil Constitution of the clergy | 1790: i. made French RCC a branch of secular state ii. priests and bishops elected to serve w/ state salaries iii. demanded all clergy take oath to the Constitution, the many who did were deemed refractory and were removed from the Church iv. Constitution and the Declaration condemned by the Pope (Feb 1791) and divided French into those loyal to the Church and those loyal to the Revolution (including Louis who favored the Revolution) |
| Declaration of Pillnitz | a result of Fleeing of Louis XVI (summer 1791) a. Was caught and forced back -->assembly now saw the king as a counterrevolutionary b. August 27, 1791 : Kings of Russia and Prussia promise to protect the French royal family i. the declaration required Britain's agreement and because they refused, it was null ii. Showed French revolutionaries they were surrounded by aristocratic and monarchial foes |
| Legislative assembly | led by the Girondists voted to declare war on Austria (who was allied w/ Prussia) --> Second Revolution to overthrow monarchy and establish republic (in the National Convention) |
| Constitution of 1791 | Established constitutional monarchy (The Legislative Assembly, one house) ii. Monarch could only delay legislation iii. only 50,000 men could be elected or serve |
| Desires of the bourgeoisie in Stage One | free-trade economy and limited monarchy |
| Declaration of the Rights of Women | b. Olympe de Gouges' reaction i. Olympe, from butcher's daughter radical ii. composed THIS DOCUMENT (1793) A. asked for equal rights for women |
| Political clubs formed in the early stages of the Revolution | Jacobins and Girondists |
| Jacobins | the best organized in France, the radical republican party (displaced Girondists), majority in new Legislative assembly |
| Girondists | group of Jacobins |
| san-culottes | urban workers, antimonarchical, republican group of lower middle class and artisans of Paris (urban working class), . ignored by the policies of the Old Regime and left unprotected by the NCA's policies of free-market economy suspicious of gov't, advocated small property owners, and resented social inequality hostile to aristocracy and original revolutionaries ii. Wanted price controls for food |
| Role of the King in Stage One | to submit to the will of the refractory, was giving away his power |
| National Convention | led by the moderate bourgeoisie, during the second revolution,the Paris Commune called for Legislative Assembly to elect a new assembly (the Convention) and write a democratic constitution. Convention meet in 1792 and declared France a republic. the Mountain Jacobins (highly seated in the Convention) worked w/ san-culottes to pass revolutionary reforms and win the war Convention took control of French gov't |
| Second Revolution | led by the san-culottes and Mountain Jacobins ib. Mountain Jacobins (highly seated in the Convention) worked w/ san-culottes to pass revolutionary reforms and win the war Convention took control of French gov't 5. January 21, 1793: Louis XVI was beheaded on the charge of conspiring against the state a. The killing shocked Europe France was isolated and at war with everyone, including civil war |
| Committee of Public Safety | created by the Convention to safeguard the revolution from enemies from both within and outside Franceb. Became an almost dictatorial power and worked with Paris sans-culottes but they later invaded Convention, drove out the Girondists, and gave the Mountains complete control --> impose price controls |
| levee en masse | a. 1793: Convention decree - draft of all males into the army and harnessed the economy for war production |
| Republic of virtue | dechristianization of France i. Notre Dame Temple of Reason ii. A new, rationalized calendar was created, w/ twelve months named after seasons and climates (starting from the creation of the Republic) iii. Churches were closed and Christians were persecuted iv. the general reaction of the citizens was against |
| Maximillian Robespierre | a. i. Emerged as a chief figure of the Committee of Public Safety in 1794 ii. Jacobins were his power base and was supported by san-culottes iii. Understood that dechristianization was a politically bad idea iv. Robespierre created a law that allowed him to convict w/o evidence thousands of executions v. Replaced the worship of reason with the Cult of the Supreme Being coup his execution end of the Reign of Terror |
| Reign of Terror | - the period between the summer of 1793 and the end of July 1794 when the French revolutionary state used 40,000 executive executions and violence to defend the Revolution and suppress internal enemies a. Victims: mostly peasants an san-culottes |
| Factors causing Reign of Terror | a. Fear created by the internal and external wars b. Revolutionary aspirations of the Convention and san-culottes |
| Thermodorian Reaction (3rd phase) | July 1794: establishment of new constitutional regime, reaction against radicalism of the French rev, excitement begins to settle |
| Directory | executive branch of the Convention made of 5 people created by the thermodorian constitution of the year III |
| Why did the French Rev become more radical in stage two? | because the king was out of the picture and they did not know how to lead without one |
| what caused the rise of counterrevolutionaries? | the counterrevolutionaries, the san-culottes, wanted price controls to protect themselves and received a chance when they were let into the convention |
| Demands of the sans-culottes and the radical Jacobins in Stage Two | price control |
| Causes of the end of the Reign of Terror | the execution of Robespierre |
| FR Events in 1789 (8) | June: Third Estate --> NA and Oath on the Tennis Court, July: Storming of the Bastille, the Great Fear (through August), August: National Assembly abolished feuday privileges, NA issues Declaration, October: Women march on versailles and force the roysl family to return to paris |
| FR Events of 1790 (2) | Civil Constitution of Clergy and Louis agrees to constitutional monarchy |
| FR Events of 1791 (2) | June: Arrest of the royal family as they attempt to flee, August: Declaration of Pillnitz |
| FR Events of 1792 (3) | April: France declares war on Austria, August: take Louis prisoner, NC declares France a republic and abolished monarchy |
| FR Events of 1793 (5) | January: execution of Louis, March: struggle in NC between Girondists and the Mountain, April-June: creation of Committee of Public Safety, Sept: Price controls |
| FR Events of 1793-94 (3) | Reign of Terror, spring (4): french armies victorious on all fronts, July (4): execution of robespierre --> thermodorian reaction |
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