journalism
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942 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 to whistle | siffler |
| comedy | la comédie |
| an aisle | une allée |
| a cello | un violoncelle |
| a choir | une chorale |
| tragedy | la tragédie |
| a stage | une scène |
| a headline | un gros titre |
| an orchestra | un orchestre |
| an easel | un chevalet |
| a wig | une perruque |
| a conductor | un chef d'orchestre |
| a row of seats | une rangée de sièges |
| a frame | un cadre |
| to fill in a form | remplir un formulaire |
| Bleed | Photographs, art or color which extend across a margin or margins to the edge of the page, or across the gutter from one page to another |
| Body Copy | Any copy other than headlines or subheads |
| Candid | A term usually used to distinguish informal, unposed shots from portrait -type photographs |
| Captions | Copy which describes photographs |
| Column | One of two or more vertical sections of printed page |
| Copy | Any written material, excluding headlines |
| Copy Block | A block of a body copy |
| Cropping | The marking of a photograph to show which portion of it is to be printed in the yearbook |
| Division Pages | Pages which differ in design from the rest of the pages in the yearbook and which are used to separate the various divisions or sections of a yearbook |
| Dominant | Photograph on a double-paged spread which attracts the most attention because of size, density, color, subject, angle, etc. |
| Double-Page Spread | Two pages in a yearbook which face each other, |
| Endsheet | Sturdy paper which is used to hold the contents of the book in the cover |
| Folio | An identification that is printed beside a page number |
| Gutter | The margin or separation between two facing pages in a book |
| Head | Word, phrase, or sentence which is set in large type, usually at the top of the page to introduce a section or page, and is followed by a descriptive body copy |
| Index | The listing of students, faculty, administration, advertisers, classes, clubs, etc., in alphabetical order at the end of the yearbook |
| Ladder | A planning device used to determine the number of pages in a yearbook and what is too be covered on that page |
| Layout | That arrangement of pictures, copy, head, captions on a double-paged spread |
| Panel | A group of portrait pictures which are mounted together and separated by narrow white lines both vertically and horizontally |
| Percentage | The amount of color or black ink printed 100%-30% |
| Reverse | A photographic progress in which white type appears to be printed on a colored (usually black) backround |
| Rule Lines | Straight lines of various thickness which print in black or some color |
| Signature | A large sheet of printing paper which contains eight yearbook pages on each side for a total of 16 pages |
| Spine | The portion of the cover between the front and back lids |
| Spot Color | Any color other than black |
| Sub Head | A head found beneath the main head. |
| Table Of Contents | A page or double-page spread near the beginning of book which gives information as to the contents or divisions and the pages on which those divisions are found |
| Theme | The central controlling idea of a yearbook |
| Title Page | Page One- Includes name of the book, name of school, date and year, address, city, state, zip code, and volume number |
| White Space | An area of the yearbook spread which is not taken up by photographs or copy |
| Angle | A way of considering a subject to make it interesting |
| Mondrian | Layout style that divides the page vertically and horizontally but not in the middle |
| Modular | A layout that will have the visual shape of a rectangle |
| Mosaic | A layout that has photographs clustered around the dominant photograph |
| Layout | The design of elements including copy and pictures on a page |
| Drop Letter | A letter that appears larger than the rest of the block |
| Inset | A picture that is placed on top of part of another picture |
| Cropper | Instrument to cut pictures to the size that you need them on the page |
| Ad Agreement | A form filled out with a business for their ad |
| Quote | Exact spoken words spoken by a person included in the copy |
| Scorebox | An area on a page to list the wins and losses of the games |
| Textwrap | Securing an element so that copy prints around the element |
| Clipart | Any kind of art work besides pictures |
| Bold | Copy that appears darker than the rest |
| Section | A group of pages all about one subject |
| Pulled Quote | A direct quote that appears inside a copy block |
| Margin | One inch of white space surrounding a page |
| Marketing | Selling the yearbook |
| Blow Up | To take a picture and to enlarge it on a page |
| Fact about the usage of the media | Age correlates with each medium |
| Narrowcasting | A program that is more specialized to a specific demographic |
| 7 hours a day | average household has a TV set on... |
| Winter | Has the most TV audience |
| Summer | Has the fewest TV viewers |
| TV | is more credible seeming then newspapers (2 to 1 ratio) |
| Audience Generated Feedback | Letters to the editor, non-scientific |
| Media Originated Feedback | Media pays more attention to this type of feedback. Consists of circulation figures, example: Arbitron Diary |
| Arbitron | For radio. Tells how many and what types of people are listening to each program. Takes a list of random phone numbers and calls them to participate in their diary survey. Each participant get a diary and is asked to keep a record of what they listen to for one week. They get paid $25. Only problem being in the two things that can skew the results: 50-55% of the people return the diary in unusable form, and the people have to agree to participate to begin with. |
| Rating | The percentage of the entire population in that media market |
| Share | The sets in use for that media market. Example: Percentage of all the people currently watching TV. |
| Share Number | Always greater then the rating number |
| Audimeter | Records what the TV set was currently set on |
| Peoplemeter | Everyone in the household has a numbered meter. They use this meter to see how many individual people are watching each show. This replaced the audimeter. |
| A. C. Nielson Co. | Rating system based winning the first 5 minutes of each segment (two segments per half hour).. Used for entertainment TV and for newscasts. Does sweep periods in Feb, July, May, and Nov. July is least important. |
| Population | Universe. Entirety of what you are studying. |
| Sample | A proportion taken to represent the population |
| News Diffusion | Where you get your information from first (radio typically). Two parts are the saturation stage and the two step flow |
| Saturation Stage | When a story has been heard by more then 50% of the US population. Most stories do not make it this far |
| Two Step Flow | Getting information by word of mouth. |
| Agenda-Setting Effect | Media determines what kind of topics are brought up. The people think the things that the media covers the most are the most important. |
| Survey | Does not establish causality. Covers what the majority thinks. All perception |
| Experiment | Better type of research. Shows causality. Two types of research are done 1. lab, 2. field |
| Lab experiments | Artificial setting, easier and less expensive, but not as accurate in results |
| Field experiments | Real-life setting, better, but more expensive |
| Panel Study | Rare, expensive, long. keeps up witht he research subjects to see long-term effects of stimuli |
| catharsis theory | Greek idea that viewing violence allows you to release your violent feelings without causing any harm to anyone |
| Stimulation theory | Viewing violence causes anti-social behavior among some children |
| Contagion effect | If the media covers terrorist attacks, it leads to more terrorist attacks |
| Albert Bandura | Conducted the Bobo doll experiment, where the children who had watched violence beat the bobo doll up, and the children who did not watch the violence did not. |
| Open-Ended questions | Part of a survey. More then just a one word answer needed. No yes or no questions |
| Close-ended questions | Get lots of info in little time, but you don't know why people answer the way they do. Can be unfair |
| 3 hours a day | average American spends _________________________ listening to the radio |
| Radio usage | Peeks in late teens |
| Movie usage | Peeks in mid 20's |
| Print media usage | Peeks mid 50's |
| TV watching | Peeks in mid 60's |
| Passive Peoplemeter | Face was scanned to see who was watching what. Discarded, b/c it was too intrusive. |
| 5% | Margin of error in polls |
| Preview Audiences | Provide feedback for movies |
| Cultivation Analysis | Heavy TV viewers apply TV to real life. Give the TV answer rather then the real answer |
| 60% More violent | The TV world is __________________ then the real world |
| Communication | A social science on human behavior |
| Empirical research | The opinion stage to observable research |
| Content Analysis | Collection of data that can be characterized and counted in a way. Type of empirical research |
| Primary Research | Original research. Do it yourself |
| Secondary research | Research has already been done for you, you just collect it and put it into your paper |
| Direct Quotation | word for word account of someone's words |
| Indirect Quotation | a paraphrased or reworded summary of someone's words |
| AP Lead | A news lead used in news stories in the inverted pyramid style |
| News Story | Type of story dealing with conflict and consequence |
| Feature Story | type of story dealing with humor and human interest |
| Suspended Interest Lead | A lead that creates mystery by withholding key details to lure the reader along. |
| Scene Setting Lead | A lead using sensory details to paint a picture of a place and of the actions of the people in the scene |
| Dramatic Anecdote Lead | A lead that dives right into the story. This type of lead introduces a story typically told in chronological order. |
| Wordplay Lead | A lead that uses puns, chiches, slogans, or lyrics that connect to the story. The author then twists the phrase |
| Editorializing | Putting your own opinions into what you write |
| Facts and Quotes | The two elements that make up news and feature stories |
| Active | A type of sentence where the 'doer does the doing' |
| Passive | A type of sentence where the 'doer doesnt do the doing' |
| Subhead | A headline underneath the main headline providing the reader with more initial information and detail. They can also be in the context of a story. |
| Spread | Two facing pages in a newspaper or yearbook focusing on one topic |
| Candid | Element of Photojournalism that says that photos cannot be posed |
| Honest | Element of Photojournalism that says that photos can't misrepresent scenes, events, or people |
| Active | Element of Photojournalism that says that photos cannot be still-lifes or portraits |
| Simplicity | Photo composition principle that says to only include objects important to the photo in the photo |
| Avoid Mergers | Photo composition principle that says to try to not create a photo where two or more objects visually intersect |
| Original Angle | Photo composition principle that says to move around while photographing to get a variety of perspectives and viewpoints |
| Rule of Thirds | Photo composition principle that says to try and place objects of interest at the intersections of three imaginary vertical and horizontal lines dividing the viewfinder |
| Framing | Photo composition principle that says to use objects in the foreground to emphacize objects in the background |
| Leading Lines | Photo composition principle that says to use lines available in your surroundings to lead the viewer to the main point of interest |
| Repetition | Photo composition principle that says to try and capture a pattern, especially a broken pattern |
| Viewfinder | Part of the camera that indicates the field of view that is seen by the camera lens. |
| Lens | Pieces of optical glass or similar material designed to collect and focus rays of light to form a sharp image on a digital image sensor |
| SLR | Abbreviation for the type of camera that allows you to see through the lens as you look in the viewfinder |
| Rangefinder | A type of camera where the viewfinder gives a basic estimate of what the lens is seeing |
| Parallax | The difference between what the viewfinder sees and what the camera records |
| Focal Length | Effects perspective and angle of view. How far to the left and right a photo captures. |
| Angle of View | How much or little of surroundings you can see (Measured in MM on the lens) |
| Perspective | How far the foreground and background appear to be from eachother. |
| Compressed Perspective | Foreground and background appear very close together. |
| Loose Perspective | Foreground and background appear very far apart. |
| Normal Perspective | Foreground and background appear to be the same distance apart as could be seen by the naked eye |
| Telephoto lens | Type of lens with a focal length of 50 mm or higher |
| Normal lens | Type of lens with a focal length of 50 mm |
| Wide angle lens | Type of lens with a focal length of 50 or lower |
| Shutter Speed, Aperture, Film Speed | Three elements of exposure when taking photographs |
| Overexposure | Exposure of photographs that have captured too much light |
| Underexposure | Exposure of photographs that have capture too little light |
| Shutter | Part of the camera that lets light in by snapping open and closed so light can hit the digital image sensor |
| Shutter Speed | Amount of time that the film is exposed to light (expressed as a fraction of a second) |
| Aperture | The size of the lens opening on a camera. Often expressed as an f-stop |
| Film | A piece of plastic with a light-sensitive emulsion coating on one side |
| ISO (Film Speed) | The sensitivity of the emulsion to light. |
| 100 ISO | Film Speed that creates the best quality photos |
| Digital Image Sensor | Light sensitive electronic chip that records an image |
| Depth of Field | The amount of stuff that is in focus in front of and behind the main subject of the photo. Connected to aperture |
| Cropping | Process of trimming away the edges of a photo to eliminate unnecessary space, create an interesting image, or to level a photograph out |
| Inside out method | Method of starting your crop framing the center of interest and then expanding the cropping tool until all necessary elements are framed |
| Photo Illustration | A picture that has obviously been manipulated from reality and is labeled in a newspaper, magazine, or yearbook |
| Present | Tense that should be used in the first sentence of a caption |
| Past | Tense that should be used in the sentences of a caption following the first |
| Photo Essay | A collection of photos about 1 subject |
| Photo Story | A collection of photos with a beginning, middle, and end |
| Dominant Element | Element of a page in a publication that is 2 and 1/2 times larger than all other elements |
| Contrast | Design principle that is created by varying brightness, size, and shape |
| Rhythm and Repetition | Design principle that is created by using a color, graphic, or typographical element multpile times |
| Formal | A type of balance where the page is symmetrical |
| Informal | A type of balance where the page is asymmetrical and there is movement across the page |
| Unity | A design principle that is accomplished by using the same spacing between design elements |
| Gutter | The space between columns or between facing pages |
| Eyeline | A horizontal space across the whole spread that only intersects the dominant element and everythign else is above or below it. |
| Consistency | Design principle that is accomplished by keeping certain elements of a newspaper unchanged |
| Trapped white space | A blank area stuck in a spread that is surrounded by text and graphics |
| Butting headlines | Two headlines that appear to run together |
| Baseline | The invisible line upon which type sits |
| X-Height | height of the main body of lowercase letters |
| Ascender | Strokes that rise above the x-height |
| Descender | Strokes that extend below the x-height |
| Serif | Ornamentation or decoration on the base of letters or at the end of strokes |
| Font Styles | Ways font families can be expressed such as italic, bold, underlined |
| Font Families | Groups of fonts such as Times New Roman, Arial |
| Point | A measurement of type equal to 1/72 of an inch |
| Leading | Amount of white space between lines of type vertically |
| Kerning | Adjusting the space bewteen a pair of letters |
| Pica | A measurement of space equal to 1/6 inch |
| Folio | A page number, often including the name and section of the paper |
| Byline | A line of copy identifying the writer of a story |
| Internal Margin | A consistient margin of white space between copy and graphics |
| Jumpline | A line of copy indicating the page where a story continues |
| Caption | Lines of copy placed next to a photo explaining the content of the photo |
| Initial Cap | A large capital letter of the opening word of a story, also called 'drop cap' |
| Pull Quote | A quote from a story arranged as a graphic in the layout of the story |
| Screen | A shaded area within a design, measured in percentages |
| Infographic | A visual representation of statistical information |
| Rule | A vertical or horizontal line used to accent or separate element, measure in points |
| Photo Credit | A line of coy that identifys the photographer of a particular photo |
| Mug Shot | A photo that only shows the shoulders and head of a person |
| Logo | A title that identifys a standing feature or reaccuring article, such as a column |
| Nameplate | Copy and often a graphic that states the name of the paper |
| Teaser | Boxed copy that promotes stories within the issue |
| formal interview | interview that is set up in advance and the reporter's main purpose is to paint a clear, vivid picture of the interviewee |
| Q and A | A technique for writing an interview story in which the reporter's exact questions are reported, followed by the source's exact answers. |
| open ended question | question that allows the interviewee latitude in answering; it does not allow for a simple one word answer. |
| "est" question | question built around a word ending in -est. Many interviewers avoid these questions because the answers often seem simplistic and juvenile. |
| stock question | an all purpose question usable in any situation |
| stock question example | "what are your immediate and long term goals?" |
| "est" question example | "what was the happiest moment of your life?" |
| off the record | an agreement before the interview stating that the interviewer will not print or publish any of the interviewee's information |
| primary source | person whose job is to have the best and most reliable info. about the topic, very important in interviewing |
| Lead | The first sentence of a story. The main sentence. |
| Hard lead | Just the facts |
| Soft lead | A slower move into a story - used most often with feature writing. |
| UPI | United Press International |
| AP | Associated Press |
| Source | The person who tells you your information for a story. |
| Attribution | Crediting a source |
| Audience | The people who will be reading your work |
| Niche audience | A special group with a broader group (eg: urban teens, women ages 30-50, etc) |
| Blaming the messenger | Holding the media responsible for what the news actually is |
| Inverted pyramid | How the story is built - with the most important information first. This is the usual format for hard news stories. |
| Gatekeeper | Deciding what's news |
| Angle | The particular point of view you are going for, to present, in your story |
| Viewer fatigue | When the viewer or reader loses interest in the story, usually due to media (over)saturation of the subject |
| Masthead | The title section of the paper, with the paper name |
| Beat | The area you are assigned to cover as a reporter |
| Byline | The author's name |
| Edit | To cut out and revise an existing copy |
| Copy | This is your written material (your story) |
| Medium | What method of media you are (radio, print, broadcast) |
| Yellow journalism | Cheap, tawdry, lying journalism - sensationalist crap |
| Chilling effect | What occurs oftentimes when a paper or reporter is sued over a story |
| Stringer | A freelance writer for a newspaper or magazine |
| Sidebar | A shorter story discussing an issue related to the main story. Usually boxed or off to the side of the main piece. |
| Slug | The newsroom name for the story. |
| Nut graph | The bio-box that accompanies a story, like a sidebar. |
| masthead | the title of a newspaper or magazine |
| ears | short messages printed on each side of the masthead |
| banner headline | headline that runs the entire width of the front page |
| cut | any kind of illustration, such as a photograph, map, drawing, or chart |
| cut lines | lines of type that appear under each illustration; also known as a caption |
| top story | story that appears in the most prominent position on page one |
| byline | the line that tells you who wrote an article |
| dateline | a line at the beginning of a news article giving the date and place of origin of the news dispatch |
| deck | headline directly beneath another headline |
| wire services | news agencies that send bullitins and other information to newspaper, radio, and television offices all over the world |
| summary lead | A lead that porvides the briefest possible summary of the major facts of a story in one or two sentences, containing the 5 W's |
| 5 W's | Who, What, When, Where, Why, occasionally How is added |
| body | part of the story that follows the lead with more detailed information |
| subhead | small headline appearing within the body of a news story |
| jump line | A line telling the reader on what page the story continues |
| Inverted Pyramid Style Method | inverted pyramid that states that the most important events go first, followed by important events, and then minor events |
| streamer | another word for a banner headline |
| angle | the focus or approach to a story |
| beat | reporter's assigned area of responibility |
| circulation | number of readers |
| copy | what the reporters write |
| deadline | time when a story is due |
| developing story | a news event that occurs over a period of several days or weeks |
| editorialize | to inject the reporter's opinion into a story |
| graf | lingo for a paragraph |
| info graphic | visual representation of data |
| libel | written defamation of character |
| morgue | newspaper files where published stories and photographs are kept |
| "Off the Record" | means don't print this, information is being given in hopes that it will not be printed in the story |
| plagiarism | taking one or more person's articles and passing them off as your own (Jayson Blair) |
| records | part of the paper that contains births, deaths, legal info., police log, etc. |
| side bar | secondary story that runs alongside main story on the same topic |
| source | person, document which report's get their information from |
| AP/UPI | types of Wire Services |
| tickler | also known as a "Futures" file |
| undercover | technique in which reporters pretend to be someone else |
| slander | spoken defamation of character (DO NOT CONFUSE WITH LIBEL) |
| cub reporter | new reporter, newbie |
| yellow journalism | tabloid style journalism |
| muckraking | socially conscious journalism with the intent to correct wrongs |
| masthead | the title of a newspaper or magazine |
| ears | short messages printed on each side of the masthead |
| banner headline | headline that runs the entire width of the front page |
| cut | any kind of illustration, such as a photograph, map, drawing, or chart |
| cut lines | lines of type that appear under each illustration; also known as a caption |
| top story | story that appears in the most prominent position on page one |
| byline | the line that tells you who wrote an article |
| dateline | a line at the beginning of a news article giving the date and place of origin of the news dispatch |
| deck | headline directly beneath another headline |
| wire services | news agencies that send bullitins and other information to newspaper, radio, and television offices all over the world |
| summary lead | A lead that porvides the briefest possible summary of the major facts of a story in one or two sentences, containing the 5 W's |
| 5 W's | Who, What, When, Where, Why, occasionally How is added |
| body | part of the story that follows the lead with more detailed information |
| subhead | small headline appearing within the body of a news story |
| jump line | A line telling the reader on what page the story continues |
| Inverted Pyramid Style Method | inverted pyramid that states that the most important events go first, followed by important events, and then minor events |
| streamer | another word for a banner headline |
| angle | the focus or approach to a story |
| beat | reporter's assigned area of responibility |
| circulation | number of readers |
| copy | what the reporters write |
| deadline | time when a story is due |
| developing story | a news event that occurs over a period of several days or weeks |
| editorialize | to inject the reporter's opinion into a story |
| graf | lingo for a paragraph |
| info graphic | visual representation of data |
| libel | written defamation of character |
| morgue | newspaper files where published stories and photographs are kept |
| "Off the Record" | means don't print this, information is being given in hopes that it will not be printed in the story |
| plagiarism | taking one or more person's articles and passing them off as your own (Jayson Blair) |
| records | part of the paper that contains births, deaths, legal info., police log, etc. |
| side bar | secondary story that runs alongside main story on the same topic |
| source | person, document which report's get their information from |
| AP/UPI | types of Wire Services |
| tickler | also known as a "Futures" file |
| undercover | technique in which reporters pretend to be someone else |
| slander | spoken defamation of character (DO NOT CONFUSE WITH LIBEL) |
| cub reporter | new reporter, newbie |
| yellow journalism | tabloid style journalism |
| muckraking | socially conscious journalism with the intent to correct wrongs |
| Angle | the focus or approach of a story |
| Beat | reporter's assigned area of responsibility |
| Circulation | department responsible for distribution or the number of readers of a paper |
| Copy | what reporters write |
| Deadline | time by which a story is submitted |
| Developing Story | a news event that occurs over a period of time |
| Editorialize | to inject the reporters opinion into a news story :( |
| Graf | the first paragraph of a news story |
| Info Graphic | visual representation of data |
| Libel | written defamation of character |
| Slander | spoken defamation of character |
| Morgue | newspaper records where published stories and photographs are kept |
| Off The Record | Don't use as a source |
| Plagiarism | using other people's words or passing someone else's work off as your own (Jason Blair) |
| Records | part of the paper that contains births, deaths, legal transactions, and the police blotter |
| Side Bar | story which runs next to the main story on the same topic |
| Masthead | the newspapers nameplate that tells the official name of paper |
| Ears | Short messages printed on the side of each masthead |
| Edition | newspaper |
| Banner/Streamer | headline that runs the entire width of front page |
| Cut | any kind of illustration |
| Cut Lines | captions underneath cuts |
| Top Story | story in most prominent position on page one |
| Deck | a smaller headline that appears directly beneath the main headline |
| By-Line | who wrote the story |
| Dateline | where the story is reported from |
| Wire Service Initials | AP, UPI, etc. |
| Lead | first paragraph that tells the 5 w's and how |
| Summary Lead | the first sentence or two which provides readers with 5 w's |
| Body | everything that happens after lead |
| Subhead | small headline within the body of a news story |
| Jumpline | shows where story continues |
| masthead | the newspaper's nameplate on page one |
| ears | short messages printed on each side of the masthead |
| edition | words of symbols |
| banner | a newspaper headline that runs across the full page |
| cut | any kind of illustration, such as a photgraph, map, drawing, or chart |
| cut lines | lines of type that appear under each illustration; also known as a caption |
| top story | story that appears in the most prominent position on page one |
| streamer | a newspaper headline that runs across the full page |
| deck | a smaller headline which appears directly beneath the main headline |
| by-line | who wrote it or designed it |
| dateline | provides where and sometimes when the article was written |
| wire service | AP, UPI, etc. |
| lead | a news story of major importance |
| summary lead | a lead that provides the briefest possible summary of the major facts of a story in one or two sentences, containing the 5 W's |
| body | everything that follows the lead |
| subhead | small headline appearing within the body of a news story |
| jump line | a line telling the reader on what page the story continues |
| angle | the focus, or approach to a story |
| beat | reporters assigned area of responsibility |
| circulation | department responsible for distribution or the number of readers |
| copy | what reporters write |
| deadline | time and date by which a story is submitted |
| developing story | a news event occurs over a period of time |
| editorialize | to inject the reporter's opinion |
| graf | paragraph of a news story |
| info graphic | visual representation of data |
| libel | written defamation of character salander, spoken defamation of character |
| morgue | newspaper records were published stories, photographs are kept |
| off the record | putting your ped down, do not identify them as a source |
| plagiarism | a piece of writing that has been copied from someone else and is presented as being your own work |
| records | part of the paper that contains births, deaths, legal transactions, and police log |
| side bar | secondary story which runs right next to the main story on the same topic |
| source | a person who supplies information |
| tickler | also known as a "Futures" file |
| undercover | technique in which reporters pretend to be someone else |
| cub reporter | new reporters |
| yellow journalism | sensational, biased and often false journalism |
| muckraking | socially conscious journalism with the intent to correct wrongs |
| Masthead | the newspaper's nameplate on page on |
| ears | short messages printed on each side of the masthead |
| edition | words of symbols |
| banner | a newspaper headline that runs across the full page |
| cut | any kind of illustration such as a photograph, map, drawing or chart |
| cut lines | lines of type that appear under each illustration; also known as a caption |
| top story | story that appears in the most prominent position on page one |
| streamer | a newspaper headline that runs across the full page |
| deck | a smaller headline which appears directly beneath the main headline |
| by-line | person who wrote the article |
| dateline | provides where and sometimes when the article was written |
| wire service initials | AP, UPL, etc |
| lead | a news major story of importance |
| summary lead | Who, What, When, Where, Why, & How |
| body | everything that follows the lead |
| subhead | a small headline appearing within the body of a news story |
| jump line | a line telling the reader on what page the story continues |
| angle | the focus or approach to a story |
| beat | reporter's assigned area of responsibility |
| circulation | dept. responsible for distribution or the number of readers |
| copy | what reporters write |
| deadline | time and date by which the story is submitted |
| developing story | a news event occurs over a period of time |
| editorialize | to inject the reporter's opinion =( |
| graf | paragraph of a news story |
| info graf | visual representation of data |
| libel | written defamation of character |
| slander | spoken defamation of character |
| morgue | newspaper records where published stories/photographs are kept |
| off the record | putting your pen down; do not identify them as a source |
| plagiarism | passing another's work as your own |
| records | births,deaths,legal transactions, and police log |
| side bar | story which runs right next to the main story on the same page |
| source | document, etc which reporter's get information |
| tickler | hint as what's to come |
| undercover | technique in which reporters pretend to be someone else |
| cub reporter | new reporter |
| yellow journalism | type of news stories that emphasise scandle |
| muckraking | socially conscious journalism with the intent to correct wrongs |
| Tinker vs Des Moines | Supreme Court case that stated that students do not lose their freedom of speech rights in high school. Mary Beth tinker wore black arm bands to protest the Vietnam War. |
| Iowa Freedom of Expression Act | Guarantees students their freedom of speech except for speech that is obscene, libelous, unlawful, violates school regulations or causes a disruption to the school |
| Do high school students have First Amendment rights? | Yes |
| Hazelwood vs Kuhlmeir | Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier, the 1988 U.S. Supreme Court decision, gave public high school officials greater authority to censor some school-sponsored student publications if they chose to do so. But the ruling doesn't apply to publications that have been opened as "public forums for student expression." It also requires school officials to demonstrate some reasonable educational justification before they can censor anything. In addition, some states (currently Arkansas, California, Colorado, Iowa, Kansas and Massachusetts) have passed laws that give students much stronger free expression protection than Hazelwood. Other states are considering such laws. |
| Public Forum | A student publication is a public forum for student expression when school officials have given student editors the authority to make their own content decisions. A school can do that either through an official policy or by allowing a publication to operate with editorial independence. |
| Can a student publication be sued for libel, invasion of privacy or copyright infringement? | Yes, and occasionally they are. In such cases the individual reporter and the editor could be held legally responsible. Court decisions indicate that a school which does not control the content of a student publication may be protected from liability. Students need to be aware that with press freedom does come legal responsibility. |
| Can I use cartoon characters, song lyrics or another publication's photographs in my publication? | In most cases, only when you have obtained the permission of the copyright holder. Each of these works is protected by copyright law, which means others can use them only if they have obtained permission. Publishing a credit line does not take the place of permission. There is an exception to copyright law called "fair use" that can apply if you are only taking a small amount of a copyrighted work or if you are using the material along with a news story about it. |
| Where do you go for help? | Mr. Rogers of the Student Press Law Center (SPLC) |
| The U.S. Supreme Court has recognized that the First Amendment protects public school students while in school. Neither "students nor teachers," the Court said, "shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate." From which famous Supreme Court case did that language first come? | Tinker vs. Des Moines |
| What does the First Amendment protect | The First Amendment to the United States Constitution is part of the Bill of Rights. The amendment prohibits the Congress from making laws "respecting an establishment of religion", prohibiting the free exercise of religion, infringing on the freedom of speech and infringing on the freedom of the press. In the 20th century the Supreme Court held that the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment applies the First Amendment to each state, including any local government. |
| Is it illegal to make up lies about my x-girlfriend in the paper? | Yes and she can sue you for defamation. |
| Can you print something that is obscene? | No |
| Can religious issues be covered in a student newspaper? | Yes |
| Is a student's choice of dress protected by the First Amendment? | Yes, in some cases. Courts have recognized that students' choice of clothing can communicate certain messages and ideas, ranging from their stance on political and social issues to their social standing or religious beliefs. |
| How is something determined to be slander or libel, as opposed to the exercising of freedom of speech? | The concept of libel/slander, both of which are referred to as "defamation," can be somewhat complex. But in general, all speech is presumed to be protected by the First Amendment with very narrowly-drawn exceptions. One of those exceptions involves defamation, which is defined as publication of a false statement of fact that causes damage to an individual's reputation. Importantly, the false statement must relate to an issue of fact, and not one's opinion. Thus I can say, "Ford Sucks" without any legal repercussion, because that is my opinion. But if I say: "The wheels come off of Ford vehicles if the car exceed 40 mile per hour" I can be sued for defamation, unless I have the facts to back up my statement. Truth is always a defense to defamation, so you can make damaging statements of fact about individuals or companies so long as you have the ability to prove the truth of those matters in court. |
| Should students lead a high school paper? | YES |
| Should students make up quotes or information | NO. This is grounds for a defamation law suit. |
| Each quote should begin... | A new paragraph |
| Every quote needs what before it? | A transition |
| How should you attribute a person on the first reference? | title/name/said |
| Where do commas go when using quotes? | Inside of the quotes |
| Should you use "you" in a story? | Never |
| What third person and second person words should you never use in a story? | "I," "We," "Our," "Us," "You" |
| What words that are not very specific should never be used in transitions? | "many," "some," "most," "several," "a lot" |
| Should opinion writing and subjective word choices be used? | Never |
| Should sports reporters or anyone else encourage, congratulate or cheer on a team or individual? | Never |
| Should you use a question in a lead? | Never |
| What should be used in place of adjectives? | Nouns and Verbs |
| Should a writer evaluate in a news story? | Never |
| Is it alright to put in quotes that are almost right or have innaccurat information | Never |
| Leads should be.. | timely and have information students don't know. |
| How many sources must a story have? | Three |
| Every single story in a high school news paper must have what? | A local angle |
| Quotes should contain? | Opinions, reactions, and interesting phrasing. |
| Quotes should not contain? | Straight facts. |
| Should you use the name of the school or current year? | No, unless it needs clarification. |
| What does CNTL D do in InDesign? | Place images |
| What does the black arrow do? | Move objects |
| What does the white arrow do? | Resize images |
| What does CNTRL B do in InDesign? | Format text boxes, add columns, center text in a box |
| How do you get text to wrap around an object? | Window - Text Wrap |
| How do you size a photo in InDesign? | Right Click, Fitting, Fit content proportionally |
| What does the T tool do in InDesign? | Makes text boxes and allows you to write. |
| What should every object be lined up with in InDesign? | A guide |
| If my image is blurred how can I fix it on a digital SLR camera? | Adjust the Tv setting. Increase the shudder speed. |
| How do I make sure the image size is correct in PhotoShop? | Image - Image Size - 200 PPI |
| How many pixels per inch does a newspaper need not to be pixelated? | 200 |
| How many pixels does a yearbook or magazine? | 300 |
| How many pixels per inch does a high definition t.v. have ? | 720 or 1080 |
| If I don't know how much about a DSLR what setting should I have the camera on? | The green box |
| What program do I use to view photos? | Adobe Bridge |
| Should I ever copy and paste a photo into InDesign? | Never |
| What is the rule of thirds? | The rule of thirds is a compositional rule of thumb in visual arts such as painting, photography and design.[1] The rule states that an image should be imagined as divided into nine equal parts by two equally-spaced horizontal lines and two equally-spaced vertical lines, and that important compositional elements should be placed along these lines or their intersections |
| AV on a DSLR stands for what? | Aperture Priority |
| TV on a DSLR stands for what? | Shutter Priority |
| ISO | What ISO denotes is how sensitive the image sensor is to the amount of light present. The higher the ISO, the more sensitive the image sensor and therefore the possibility to take pictures in low-light situations. |
| Av | Aperture Priority - Adjusts the amount of light. |
| What will lowering the Av do for blurry shots? | Make the image darker and less blurry. |
| What are the two main responsibilities of a reporter? | Report accurate facts and quotes. |
| How do you create guides in InDesign? | Double click on the rulers on the side of the page. |
| How do you create a text wrap? | Object - Text Wrap |
| indolent | lazy |
| insipid | uninteresting; unchallenging |
| listless | lacking energy |
| torpor | laziness |
| alienated | removed or disassociated from |
| alliance | a union of two or more groups |
| disparity | inequality in age, rank, or degree; difference |
| servile | submissive; like a servant |
| suppressed | subdued; kept from being circulated |
| embellish | to make beautiful by ornamenting |
| florid | describing flowery or elaborate speech |
| opulent | exhibiting a display of great wealth |
| ornate | elaborately decorated |
| ostentatious | describing a showy or pretentious display |
| poignant | profoundly moving; touching |
| ebullience | intense enthusiasm |
| effusive | emotionally unrestrained; gushy |
| egregious | conspicuously bad or offensive |
| flagrant | extremely or deliberately shocking or noticeable |
| frenetic | wildly excited or active |
| gratuitous | given freely; unearned; unwarranted |
| superfluous | extra; unnecessary |
| Ears | Short messages printed on each side of the masthead. |
| Banner | Newspaper headline that runs across the whole page. |
| Cut | Any kind of illustration (picture, graph, chart, etc) |
| Dateline | Provides where and when the article was written. |
| Dead Air | When there is no news to report on. |
| Editorialize | To inject the reporter's opinions. |
| Graf | A paragraph of a news story. |
| Libel | Defamation or slander of character by written or spoken means. |
| Muckrakers | Journalists who write articles to expose wrongdoings and promote positive change. |
| Body | Everything that follows the lead. |
| Developing Story | A news event/story that occurs over a period of time. |
| Subhead | A small headline that appears within the body of a story. |
| Deck | The headline beneath another headline. |
| 5 W's | Who, What, When, Where, Why (and How) |
| Off The Record | Information that is being given in the hopes that it will not be added to a story. |
| Undercover | A technique where a reporter pretends to be someone else. |
| Cub Reporter | A new reporter, a newbie. |
| Top Story | The story that appears in the most prominent position on page one. |
| Budget | A list of stories for an edition (and who will work on them) |
| What is the rule of thirds? | The rule states that an image should be imagined as divided into nine equal parts by two equally-spaced horizontal lines and two equally-spaced vertical lines, and that important compositional elements should be placed along these lines or their intersections.[2] |
| editorial | voice of the paper |
| subjective writing | that which expresses a point of view, not concerned w/ being impartial |
| facts | truths or information that can be proved |
| opinion | a point of view, your way of looking at things |
| persuade (editorial) | these editorials use facts and arguement to persuade readers to think as the newspaper does on particular issues; They take a firm stand |
| explain (editorial) | editorial that gives readers facts and insight in a complicated issue |
| praise (editorial) | editorials that praise a person, board, event, or community reaction |
| criticize (editorial) | editorials that take issue with decisions, reactions, policies, or people |
| entertain (editorial) | humorous editorials that are often difficult to write |
| first person | "we" voice |
| Introduction | first part of editorial that introduces the reader to the issue |
| reaction | second part of editorial |
| details and arguements | part that comes third in an editorial |
| conclusion | final thoughts of editorial |
| subjective | something that is not a fact |
| op-ed (page) | page next to editorials |
| guest editorials | editorials written by people not on newspaper's staff |
| What are the 5 Ws and H | WHO WHAT HOW WHERE WHY WHEN |
| What is a nut graph? | Background information on the story that usually contains the who, what, how, where, why and when. The golden quote usually follows the nut graph. |
| What is the golden quote? | It is the best quote of the story that usually follows the nut graph. |
| What is a sidebar? | A graphic element that lists off facts, figures, and important information in a format other than full text. |
| What is an infographic? | An infographic presents facts and numbers in an eye catching graphic. |
| Should "you" or "I" or "our" ever be used in a story? | No |
| How sources should be present in a story? | Three or more |
| What is a follow up question? | A question that usually isn't planned, but is a result of an interesting comment by the person being interviewed. |
| What is GQ STUDD? | Great quotes - Strong Lead - Quote Transition - Unique Angle - Description - Detail |
| Open Groups | Information is free and available to others. Some information is always open information, like a person's name, where they live, where they work, or their family. People make inferences based on this information, although not in proportion to other information they learn about a person. |
| Closed Groups | Most information is not known about individuals in the group. Everything about a person is unknown until you have a conversation. To a great extent, each person controls information about themselves. |
| Feedback should be... | ...descriptive, not judgmental |
| Feedback should be... | ...well-timed, so the person can hear and accept it in the best way possible. |
| Feedback should be... | ...something the person can change. |
| What is required for people to succeed in social systems such as groups: | Knowledge, Attitude, Skills, and Habits |
| angle | approach to take/focus when writing a story |
| beat | regular source for news |
| chronology | in order of occurrance |
| circulation | total number of press run of a particular edition in a 24 hour period |
| copyfitting | adjusting or rewriting type to make it fit a designated space |
| crop | eliminating unwanted aspect of a photo |
| deadline | when article is due- never to be missed |
| defamation | verbal statement intended to do harm |
| end mark | 30 or XXX placed at end of article |
| fair comment and criticism | permissible to publish criticism of public figure- if not malicious |
| fairness | balanced, objective and honest |
| fault | taking responsibility for mistake or error |
| font | complete assortment of type in size, design and style |
| head schedule | layout showing sample headline- count included |
| journalism | gathering, writing, editing and disseminating news to the public through various means |
| journalist | anyone involved in the process of gathering, writing, editing or disseminating of news |
| libel | written statement that injures a reputation, character or buisiness |
| malice | intent to harm |
| more | placed at the end of the first page of multiple page article as an indication to editor there are more pages |
| morgue | record of past issues |
| newsprint | coarse paper used for most newspapers |
| news hole | space available for articles after ads have been placed |
| off the record | information given during an interview that the interviewee says cannot be used in the article |
| pica | unit of linear measurement of type = 6 picas per inch |
| point | unit of linear measurement of type = 12 points per pica |
| prior restraint | administrators or courts censor material prior to publication |
| prior review | the right of administrators to review materials before publication |
| privacy | every person has the right to privacy unless that right is waived |
| proof | reproduction of type and art to be corrected |
| public forum | student editors determine content and editorial standards |
| puff | story that editorializes and compliments |
| put to bed | issue goes to press |
| scoop | exclusive story |
| slant | manipulate facts or present only one side |
| slug | a word identifying the subject of an article |
| tabloid | newspaper format 11x17 paper |
| tear sheet | ad page torn from printed issue to show how and when an ad ran |
| thumbnail | sketch of placement of articles and ads |
| yellow journalism | sensationalistic journalism or slanting a story |
| tombstone | two headlines (same font) running next to each other causing them to look like one |
| tripod | three line headline- left line twice the size of two right lines |
| upstyle | capitalizing many to all letters in a headline |
| white space | space not covered in text, photo, graphic or anything else |
| widow | first line of type in a column (not the first one) that doesn't fill 2/3 of that column |
| wicket head | small short headline centered over main headline |
| wild art | picture with cutline that tells a story |
| text wrap | text wraps around art/graphic |
| summary lead | first paragraph of article-is a summary, usually who, what and when |
| stepping head | tiers in a headline that are staggered |
| sidebar | related information run next to story |
| advance story | a story written about an event before it happens |
| attribution | designating the speaker of a quote as "...end quote," person said. |
| banner | headline that goes across the page and is one deck |
| bleed | picture or graphic that runs to the edge of a page |
| box | line around the edge of anything creating a "box" |
| box score | statistical summary of a sporting event listed in a box |
| byline | author of article in small print below the headline |
| centerspread | pair of facing pages in the center of the paper-two pages comprised of one sheet of paper that act as a single unit |
| composite | news story covering more than one aspect/issue |
| cut | any illustration or picture in a newspaper |
| cutline | text set below a cut for description |
| dateline | place from which the story has been filed |
| deck | tiers/levels in a headline |
| direct quote | exact words spoken |
| display type | large or decorative type used in headlines and ads |
| drop cap | initial letter of paragraph is oversized |
| downstyle | capitalize only first letter of first word of headline |
| ears | graphics or information on both sides of a nameplate |
| editorial | article explaining a paper's position on an issue |
| editorializing | author's opinion in an article that is not an editorial |
| editorial cartoon | a cartoon that makes an editorial statement about an issue |
| flag/nameplate | name of the paper on the page |
| folio | page number |
| gutter | inside margin between facing pages |
| hammer | main large headline followed by a smaller headline |
| infographic | graphics that tell the story by themselves |
| inverted pyramid | a story organized in descending order of importance |
| item | short news story |
| jump | to continue a story from a page one to an inside page |
| justification | left and right margins of type are even |
| kicker | small short phrase used above a headline to introduce the main larger headline |
| masthead | pertinent information about the paper on the editorial page (staff and advisor's name, editorial policy, etc...) |
| news feature | combination story containing newsworthy event with human interest or unusual angle |
| overline | cutline that runs above the cut |
| personality feature | paints picture of unusual/interesting person-more than just biographical |
| pull quote | most important quote from article printed in larger type |
| quick read | story no longer than 8 inches |
| raw wrap | headline does not cover top length of article-headline text wrap around the cut |
| reverse | white type on black or colored background |
| running head | the top of every page contains date, page number, section and name of paper |
| screen | gray box |
| shadow box | shadow behind box graphic |
| T/F- Quotes give a story a feeling of immediacy | True |
| T/F- Its ok to use "according to" when attributing a human source | False |
| T/F- The traditoinal pattern for hard news stories is the modified pyramid format | False |
| T/F- The inverted pyramid format ensures that readers get teh important facts first | True |
| T/F- Attributing quotes establishesteh reporter's professionalism | True |
| T/F- It is ok for a reporter to express his/her opinion in a news story | False |
| T/F- It is not important to attribute the source of facts and opinion in a news story | False |
| T/F- The preferred verb for the attribution of all direct and indirect quotes is "replied" | False |
| T/F- It is important to label speculation as such and identify its source | True |
| T/F- It is not necessary to attribute matters of public record | True |
| T/F- Partial and fragmentary quotes should be used sparingly | True |
| T/F- It is not important for a reporter to represent all sides of an issue | False |
| T/F- If the WHO is more important that the WHAT, begin the paragraph with the source | True |
| T/F- It is not necessary for paragraphs and sentences to follow each other smoothly | False |
| T/F- News stories should be written using third person | True |
| T/F- A news story is not the lace for a reporter to express his/her opinions | True |
| T/F- The inverted pyramid format presents facts in descending order | True |
| T/F- Direct quotes of all kinds must be attributed | True |
| T/F- Paragraphs in a nwes story are short | True |
| T/F- Quotes must be used effectively | True |
| What type of quote in its entirety is always placed within quotation marks? | Direct |
| What type of quote is an exact word or two taken directly from the source and placed within quotation marks? | Fragmentary |
| What type of quote is not placed within quotation marks? | Indirect |
| What type of quote is information printed word for word from the source? | Direct |
| What type of quote is sometimes referred to as paraphrasing? | Indirect |
| In news stories it is best two mix what to types of quotes? | direct and indirect |
| Unattributed and attributed opinion in a news story is called | editorializing |
| The traditional pattern for hard news stories is called | the inverted pyramid format |
| The preferred attributive verb to use in news stories is | said |
| Tells the reader where information came from and who said it | attribution |
| The first direct quote in a news story should be included no later than what paragraph | The third |
| If paragraphs and sentences follow one another smoothly, the story is said to have | continuity |
| It is best to begin a paragraph with a______quote and follow it with the attribution | direct |
| Most paragraphs in a news story should have, at most, how many sentences? | 1-3 |
| In the ______ stage, an editor will read the story and determine if facts are presented in logical and relevant order | copy editing |
| The two most important ethical principles journalisst must try to live by are | accuracy and objectivity |
| 3 ethical principles for journalists | act independently, minimize harm, seek the truth and report it as fully as possible |
| Which professional organization has one of the best known codes of ethics for journalists? | Society fo Professional Journalists |
| The halting of or forbidding publication is called | prior restraint |
| The state or mind of journalists that makes them fair, neutral observers of teh event and issues is | objectivity |
| What must journalist set aside when reporting the news? | personal feelings |
| Which are the three main legal areas in journalism | libel, invasion of privacy, obscenity |
| The publiscation of a false statesment that injures someones's reputation is | libel |
| When a plaintiff claims that the press has improperly used private information | invasion of privacy |
| Published material that offends local community standards is considered | obscenity |
| T/F- Libel and false defamation are the same thing | True |
| T/F- It is not necessarty for journalists to be accurate all the time | False |
| T/F- Journalists should allow their personal feelings to color news stories | False |
| T/F- Journalists should tell all sides of a story | True |
| Prior restraint is permitted in teh US to protect national security in times of war | True |
| T/F- If a newspaper prints libel, it may be required to pay money to the libeled person | True |
| T/F- Ethical standards are rules, not guidelines for journalists to follow | False |
| T/F- Small errors can reduce the credibility of a newspaper and reporter | True |
| If a newspaer is found guilty of libel, the monetary penalty is paid before publication | False |
| All newspapers have the same ethical standards | False |
| T/F- What separates a good story from a better one is the quality of the sources used by the reporter, both in gathering the facts and in what is later published | True |
| T/F- Primary source information can only be in print form | False |
| T/F- A secondary source can be a published work that cites teh work of others, words that have already been published in a primary source | True |
| T/F- Journalists often get their information from both primary and secondary sources | True |
| T/F- Beats can be topical and not specifically tied to a location or spokesperson | True |
| T/F- The qulity fo the primary and secondary sources should not be a factor when working on a story | False |
| T/F- It is bad practice to follow up an interview with a phoen call to verify information and statements | False |
| T/F- Ideas, opinions and other intellectual property can be good primary source if they are cited from the original work | True |
| T/F- In the beat system, each contact or information source is called a reporter | False |
| T/F- A good reporter will get no information form a beat when a contact is made | False |
| T/F- Fact-based reporting is more credible, professional and important to readers if there is evidence of first-hand reporting | True |
| T/F- An interview can be as informal as asking a member of teh crowd one question or a series of questions on the phone or via e-mail | True |
| Exploration fo any story begins at teh news staff meeting when teh story is assigned | True |
| T/F- To avoid sounding too stiff and formal, it is helpful if a reporter reads the questions they have prepared word for word | False |
| T/F- The purpose of an interview is to find out what the source knows | True |
| T/F- A story should be written as soon as possible after all interviews have been completed | True |
| A reporter must ask the source for permission to tape record the interview | True |
| T/F- Reportersoften get information from primary and secondary sources | True |
| The two kinds of informatin source tapped by journalists are | primary and secondary |
| The most important and common way for a reporter to get information is through an | interview |
| Eyewitnesses to an event or are teh creators of an original work | Primary |
| A person who has some knowledge but did not get it though personal involvement | Secondary |
| A plan to routinely cover all potential news sources in a specific area | Beat |
| Good ________ between a reporter and a regular source can be of great value when a story is being developed,especially one that requires more than the usual amount of information | rapport |
| An interview with an agreed upon time and place and advance research work by teh reporter is concidered a | formal interview |
| before an interview, the reporter just conduct____and prepare______ | research and questions |
| To make a beat system work, how many reporters whould be assigned to each beat? | One |
| To ensure accuracy, a reporter must do waht during an interview? | Take notes |
| What is the minimum number of sources a reporter should have for a story | Three |
| ____and degree of involvement should be considered when determining sources for a story. | credibility |
| In a school newspaper, principals and deasn are covered in what beat? | Administration |
| In a school newspaper, coaches are covered in what beat? | Sports |
| In a school newspaper, the French Club is covered in what beat? | Academic |
| In a school newspaper, teh Chess Club is covered in what beat? | Clubs |
| In the school newspaper, teh Athletic Boosters are covered in what beat? | Sports |
| T/F- Jane Grey Swisshelm was the first woman (journalist) to cover Congress | True |
| T/F- Journalism that sets our to expose wrongdoing is referred to as "yellow" | True |
| T/F- Early American newspapers were generally 2-3 pages long | False |
| T/F- By the time the Revolutin began, over 30 newspapers were being published | True |
| T/F- The weekly edition of the New York Tribune had more readers than any other publication of its time | True |
| T/F- The Boston News-Letter was published "by authority" | True |
| T/F- The New York Mornign Herald sold for a dime | False |
| T/F- Ebony magazine took the lead in encouraging blacks to move to teh North in search of better jobs | False |
| T/F- The BOR addressed teh issue of a free press | True |
| T/F- The newspaper industry grew rapidly after the Revolution | True |
| T/F- Early newspapers carried more news than today's newspapers | False |
| T/F- Nellie Bly's trip around the world was accomplished in 72 days | True |
| T/F- Still under tribal control, The Lakota Times is the most pprominent NA newspaper | False |
| T/F- The Pacific Citizen adn teh Filipino Reporter are examples of Asian-American newspapers | True |
| T/F- The Students Daily News was the first student newspaper | False |
| Unethical, irresponsible brand of journalism | yellow journalism |
| Newspapers that aligned themselves with a political party | Partison Press |
| The first daily newspaper; founded in 1783 | Pennsylvania Post |
| Reall name was Elizabeth Cochrane | Nellie Bly |
| British colonial authorities shut this newspaper down after only one issue | Publick Occurrences |
| Established truth as a defense against libel charges | John Peter Zenger Trials |
| Newspapers that criticized teh government were considered gulity of this | sedition |
| Readers followed the adventures of her trip around the world | Nellie Bly |
| Journalism that cursades for social justice | Muckraking |
| First NA newspaper | Cherokee Phoneix |
| The first attempt at a real newspaper (1690) | Publick Occurance |
| Inexpensive newspapers distributed by street sales | Penny Press |
| Female journalist who was editor of the Boston Transcript in teh 1840's | Cornelia Walter |
| Most influential African-American newspaper | Chicago Defender |
| First continuously published newspaper in the US | Boston News Letter |
| The forerunner of todays newspaper;sold for a penny | New York Sun |
| Whig and Tory newspapers were considered this type of press | Partisan Press |
| Achieved a mass audence made up of the Industrial Revolution working class | Penny Press |
| Motto is "All the news that's fit to print" | New York Times |
| Type of journalism that ijnvolves hoazes, altered photographs and frauds | Muckracking |
| Founded by the son of former slaves | Chicago Defender |
| Set a standard for fairness and accuracy in reporting | New York Times |
| William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer are known for this type of journalism | Yellow Journalism |
| She is said to have engaged in some yellow journalism practices | Nellie Bly |
| type up questions and answers | What should you do immediately following an interview? |
| weight of a rule | What is a stroke? |
| line | What is a rule? |
| right | Where should sidebar/infographics be placed on an odd page? |
| toward the inside | Where should the action of the photo be directed? |
| bottom | Where should you NOT place a sidebar/infographic? |
| noun and verb | What TWO parts of speech MUST be in each deck of a headline? |
| conjunction | What does a comma indicate in a headline? |
| article, name, date | Name THREE things you should NOT start a lead with. |
| news lead is summary, feature lead is nut graph | What is the difference between a news lead and a feature lead? |
| news story is inverted pyramid, feature story has ending refer to lead | What is the difference in format between a news story and a feature story? |
| either | What type of lead is permissible in a news/feature story? |
| 1 pica | How far apart must EVERY element in a story package be? |
| double space | Do you space/double space after the byline? |
| 30% | What percent is the rule under the name after the byline? |
| no | Is there a comma before and, but or so, with items in a series? |
| inside | Does the comma at the end of a quote, before an attribution, go inside or outside of the quotation marks? |
| no | Are you permitted to pull a student out of class to interview them? |
| cite it | What do you have to do if you use something from the internet in your story package? |
| past tense, articles | What are two things that should NOT appear in a headline? |
| select text box, object, text frame options, change columns | How do you change the number of columns in a text box? |
| select, object, arrange, send to back | How do you send an element to back? |
| select, line tool | How do you create a rule? |
| go to stroke | How do you stroke a rule? |
| 1 pt. | What measurement is the stroke of a box or rule on a layout? |
| select, window, text wrap | How do you text wrap an element? |
| layout, margins and columns | How do you change the number of columns on your layout? |
| select, paragraph, justification button | How do you justify text? |
| select, paragraph, first line left indent 2 picas | How do you indent text? |
| select, character | How do you change any aspect of copy/font? |
| get rid of white space or shorten gaps in headline | Why would you track text? |
| highlight, character, track | How do you track text? |
| highlight, character, ledding | How do you change ledding? |
| descenders and ascenders | Are pica margins measured from the baseline of text or from the descenders and ascenders? |
| create photo box, apple D, find photo | How do you place a photograph? |
| server in links or general downloads | Where should you save photos? |
| measure picas on top | How do you determine what size a photo should be for any particular layout? |
| shift, arrow | How do you automatically move any element 1 pica from another? |
| highlight, characters | How do you underline text? |
| select, paragraph styles, underline options | How do you change the color of an underline? |
| select, paragraph styles, underline options | How do you change the percent of an underline? |
| window, paragraph styles, new paragraph styles | How do you create paragraph styles? |
| window, character styles, new character styles | How do you create character styles? |
| master page | How do you change a runninghead? |
| rule | What belongs between a cutline and body text? |
| opinions, news | What TWO sections should NEVER inclue advertising? |
| thats how the machines are set up | Why do we have to have to print either 8, 12, 20, or 24 pages (muliples of 4)? |
| interest to a small or large group of people, current and something people are or should be talking about, close (proximity) | What are the three elements that qualify something as newsworthy? |
| to print anything that is not expressly prohibited by law | As a reporter, what is your one right? |
| serve the public interest, be impartial-don't favor one side | As a reporter, what are two responsibilities? |
| tell both sides of the story | As a reporter, how do you remain unbiased? |
| no because it could look like you're sponsoring that thing | Should you take free things in return for a review? Why or why not? |
| no beause they might not be reliable | Should you use anonymous sources? Why or why not? |
| prove statement was published, prove identification, prove it harmed them, prove false, prove fault | What are the four conditions that must be met in order to win a libel case? |
| Tinker v. Des Moines | Which case resulted in the ruling, "Neither students nor teachers shed their first amendment rights at the schoolhouse gate"? |
| if freedom of expression materially and substantially disrupts the educational process or harms the rights of others | What are the conditions that must be present in order to win a censorship case in Tinker? |
| Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier | Which case resulted in the ruling "the administration has the right to censor school newspapers as long as four conditions are met? |
| uses school's name and money, curriculum, not an open forum, can't just not like it | What are the four conditions that must exist in order for censorship to permitted in Hazelwood? |
| Hazelwood | Under which ruling is it EASIER to CENSOR? |
| appeal to principal, appeal to superintendent, appeal to board, sue OR go underground | If you are censored, what are your four options? |
| the principal decides when and where you can distribute papers and must be reasonable | If you "go underground," what must you do before distribution? |
| anything from the internet must be cited | What is the most important thing to know about copyright laws? |
| one | How many spaces after a period? |
| year, first name, last name, said | What four elements are required for an attribution (in order)? |
| 40 pt Times bold downstyle | What is our primary headline style? |
| 30 pt Times bold downstyle | What is our secondary headline style? |
| 40 pt Courier bold downstyle | What is our primary opinions headline style? |
| 30 pt Courier bold downstyle | What is our secondary opinions headline style? |
| 10 pt Times 2 pica indent, justified | What is our regular body text style? |
| 10 pt Courier 2 pica indent, justified | What is our opinions body text style? |
| 10 pt Times bold italics, lowercase, 30% underlined along the whole line | What is our byline style? |
| 10 pt Times bold, justified, first 2 words capitalized | What is our cutline style? |
| em dash 10 pt Times bold italics, lowercase | What is our photo attribution style? |
| 50 pt Times bold downstyle | What is our front page primary headline style? |
| file cabinet | Where can you find the prewrite/fact sheet, interview appts and rubrics? |
| rubric | What ONE item MUST be turned in with the rough draft |
| headline, byline, cut, cutline, sidebar infographic | What the FIVE requirements for a complete story package? |
| name, slug, section editor, character count, date | What FOUR elements should be present and single spaced at the top of your rough draft? |
| more | What belongs at the bottom of a multipage article? |
| XXX or 30 | What belongs at the end of an article? |
| slug add 1 | What belongs at the top of the 2nd page of a multipage article? |
| no | Do you indent on a rough draft? |
| double spaced | Is a rough draft single or double spaced? |
| diagnose the problem | What should you do if your document does not print? |
| printer, printer icon on the computer | What are the two places that provide information about what might be wrong with the printer? |
| keep printing | What should you NEVER do if your document doesn't print? |
| 3 | How many lines in a cutline? |
| gives action, don't state the obvious | What information is in the first line of a cutline? |
| gives additional information | What information is in the second line of a cutline? |
| quote | What information is in the third line of a cutline? |
| whspub | What is the username and password for the server? |
| hard drive | Where is the shared folder? |
| no | Do bylines belong in a separate box from the body text? |
| 5 | What is the minimum number of sources for any story? |
| R&R | roles and responsibilites |
| Responsibilities | credibility,objectivity |
| credibility | the belief that someone is trustworthy and that what they say is true |
| objectivity | a lack of personal feelings or bias |
| roles | provider, lookout, authenticator, interpreter ,entertainer, moderator |
| The Provider | journalists provide accurate, up-to-date information in responsse to events that affect the lives of their audience |
| The Lookout | journalists investigate and expose wrongdoing to protect citizens |
| The Authenticator | journalists help the audience to figure out what to believe and what they can trust |
| The Interpreter | journalists help their audience understand the stories of the day |
| The Entertainer | journalists provide entertainment as well as information |
| The Moderator | journalists spark discussion and provide a place for people to share opinions |
| News Elements | prominence, importance, human interest, timeliness, proximity, meaning |
| Prominence | who |
| Importance | what (important) |
| Human Interest | what (interesting) |
| Timeliness | when |
| Proximity | where |
| Meaning | why/how |
| communication | transmission of a message from a source to a receiver |
| interpersonal communication | communication between two or few people-no definable source or receiver |
| encoding | assembling a message with a meaning to send to a receiver |
| decoding | interpreting the message sent by the sender |
| medium | means of sending information ex: sound waves |
| mass medium | ex: radio, tv, books, newspaper |
| mass communication | the process of creating shared meaning between the mass media and their audiences |
| inferential feedback | indirect feedback, used to be delayed but now it is instantaneous and is feedback through the same mediums as the initial messages |
| cultural definition of communication | communication and reality are linked. Communication is the foundation of our culture |
| culture | a learned behavior of members of a given social group |
| dominant culture | aka mainstream culture: the one that seems to hold sway with the majority of people |
| bounded cultures | aka co-culture: smaller cultures within a larger society (ie: italians, the south, etc) |
| technological determinism | idea that machines and their development drive economic and cultural change |
| media literacy | the ability to effectively and efficiently comprehend and use ay form or mediated communication |
| literate culture | encouraged technological innovation. includes development of writing and the formation of it. |
| oral or preliterate culture | without written languages |
| griots | "talking chiefs" provide oral history for their people |
| ideogrammatic alphabets | picture based alphabets appeared in ancient cultures |
| syllable alphabet | an alphabet employing sequences of vowels and consonants or words |
| papyrus | rolls of sliced strips of reed pressed together (first paper) |
| parchment | romans first started using animal hides to write on |
| literacy | ability to effectively and efficiently comprehend and use written |
| third person effect | the common attitude that others are influenced by the media messages but that we are not |
| genre | categories of expression within the different media and are characterized by conventions |
| conventions | standardized style elements |
| productions values | the choice of lighting, editing, special effects, camera, angles, location of pages, sizes |
| printing press | johannes gutenberg, 1456. Beginning of moveable type |
| photography | l. daguerre and n. niepce, 1839. France |
| telegraph | samuel b morse. 1844. "what god hath wrought" |
| telephone | alexander graham bell, 1876. patented the phone. didnt become popular until 1920s |
| phonograph | thomas alva edison, 1877 |
| benjamin harris | "Publick occurences both foreign and domestick" Boston 1690. Shut down after one issue |
| john peter zenger | "New york weekly" |
| slander | oral |
| libel | written |
| the federalist papers | john jay, john madison, alexander hamilton. Framework for government-gave america new ideas |
| the penny press | early 19th century. cheap newsprint. since america could now read, books became more widely consumed. Pulp was now used to make paper also making books cheaper |
| new york sun | benjamin day, 1833. first major daily newspaper. Created idea of News Hole (balance of advertising and copy) |
| wire services | new york associated press, 1848. take stories from many newspapers and puts them in one paper. Associated press 1900. Reuters 1851 (europe) |
| late 19th century | rise of yellow journalism-came from yellow kid comic strip |
| JOSEPH PULITZER | early advocate for journalism school. establish pulitzer prize. both great and spectacle papers |
| nellie bly | around the world in 72 days. "star journalist" stunt journalism-used to get an edge over competition. Watchdog journalism/investigative journalism |
| william randolph hearst | 1863-1951. Reformer. lower class newspapers at first. corrupted by power, hired illustrator to draw pictures of war |
| citizen kane | 1941. co-directed by orson wells. greatest film ever made considering time made. based on hearst. |
| watergate era | 1970s. bob woodward and carl bernstein. washington post. nixon resigns in 1974. high point for american journalism because it showed how powerful a paper can truly be. |
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