| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Dormant | volcano not able to currently erupt |
| Active | volcano that is able to erupt |
| Magma | molten rock material under the surface of the earth |
| Lava | molten rock material above the surface of the earth |
| Mt. Kilauea | world's most active volcano |
| Novarupta | largest volcanic eruption fo the 20th century |
| Vent | the opening at the top of a volcano |
| Crater | steep walled depression around the vent |
| Hot spot | A hot part in the middle of the mantle that melts rock that is then forced upward as magma |
| Shield volcano | A broad volcano with gently sloping sides, quiet eruptions, silica-poor lava. (ex. Hawaiian Islands) |
| Cinder cone volcano | steep sided volcano, explosive eruptions that throw lava and rock in the air, silica-rich lava (ex. Paricutin in Mexico) |
| Composite volcano | a small volcano, both quiet and violent eruptions (ex. Mt. St. Helens) |
| Tephra | pieces of rock and solidified lava that fall from the air |
| Intrusive rock | formed when magma cools UNDER the ground |
| Extrusive rock | form when magma cools ABOVE the ground |
| Batholith | largest igneous rocks formed when magma cools underground |
| Dike | magma that is squeezed into a generally VERTICAL crack that cuts across rock layers and hardens |
| Sill | magma that is squeezed into a HORIZONTAL crack between rock layers and hardens |
| Pyroclastics | hot fragments of rock and magma emitted during an explosive eruption. |
| Lahar | a mix of hot pyroclastic material, water, sand, gravel, rock |
| Extinct | A volcano that will no longer erupt ever |
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