Small Animal Diseases and Medical Care - Transmission and Development of Infectious Diseases
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kellymatt1224 Plus on January 22, 2013
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Transmission and Development of Infectious Diseases
~VETT113 Small Animal Diseases and Medical Care
San Juan College Veterinary Technician
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52 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Infectious disease | occurs when a microorganism in the body multiplies and causes damage to the tissues. |
| Pathogens | The microorganisms that cause infectious diseases |
| Endogenous | Diseases caused by microorganisms that are normally present on or in the body without causing harm, but something happens that allows them to express their disease-producing potential. |
| Exogenous | Disease is caused by microorganisms that are not normally present on or in the body but contaminate the body from the outside. |
| Toxigenic diseases | Can cause disease without entering and multiplying in the body. Can occur after organisms have multiplied on food that has been consumed. (food poisoning) |
| Universal precautions | the need to treat blood and other body fluids from all patients as potentially infectious |
| Standard precautions | to consider blood, all body fluids, including secretions and excretions (except sweat), nonintact skin, and mucous membranes as potentially infectious in all patients. |
| Incubation stage | the period from the initial entrance of the infectious agent into the body to the time when the first symptoms of the disease appear. |
| Prodromal stage | involves the appearance of early symptoms. Micr. just enough to cause first symptoms (malaise) |
| Acute stage | When symptoms of the disease are maximal and the person is obviously ill. |
| Convalescent stage | the recovery phase. micr. number is declining. symptoms lessen |
| indirect contact | can result from injuries with contaminated sharps, and contact with contaminated instruments, equipment, surfaces, and hands. |
| Droplet infection | this mode encompasses large-particle droplet spatter >5mm that is transmitted by close contact prevent infection with PPE |
| Airbrone infection | involves small particles(aka droplet nuclei or aerosol particles) <5mm PPE cannot prevent all infections |
| Infection | multiplication and survival of micr. on or in the body |
| Inhalation | Micr. can enter through breathing aerosol particles generated from use of phrphylaxis angle |
| Ingestion | Swallowing droplets of saliva/blood splatter into the mouth |
| Host defense mechanisms | defense against harmful infections are either innate defenses or acquired defenses |
| innate defenses | are always active |
| acquired defenses | must be stimulated to become active |
| Long term immunity | The body remembers and organism and can respond rapidly to destroy it before it can damage the body |
| artificial immunity | Through immunization or vaccination. |
| Host Risk Factors | certain conditions that can predispose an animal to disease: Age, gender, race, ethnic background |
| Communicable diseases | diseases than can be transmitted to other people; (aka) contagious diseases and community-acquired diseases |
| Contagious diseases | A sickness that is can be passed from one person to another as germs are spread by touch or through the air. |
| Biological vector | disease-carrying organism, such as a rat, mosquito, or fly, that spreads infectious disease |
| Localized infection | occurs when microbe enters the body and is confined to a specific area |
| systemic infection | microbe spreads throughout the body usually in the bloodstream |
| Disease | any change, other than an injury, that disrupts the normal functions of the body |
| recovery phase | the period of time during which the patient begins to fight the infection and decrease the number of microbes in the body |
| Asymptomatic Infection | infection where signs and symptoms are not present |
| iatrogenic disease | disease caused unintentionally by medical therapy |
| idiopathic disease | Disease of unknown cause |
| chronic infection | infection that occurs slowly, over a very long period, and may last months or years |
| nonsocomial infection | is an infection acquired after admission to a health care facility |
| latent infection | Infection that is not currently active but could reactivate at a later time. |
| microbe | an organism invisible to the naked eye, especially one that causes disease |
| virulence | The strength or ability of a pathogen to produce disease. |
| etiology | study of the cause of disease |
| carrier | a person, animal, or plant that harbors and transmits the causative agent of an infectious disease; especially : one who carries the causative agent systemically but is asymptomatic or immune to it |
| host | An organism infected by another organisim |
| reservoir host | an organism in which a parasite that is pathogenic for some other species lives and multiplies without damaging its host; also |
| susceptible host | having little resistance to a specific infectious disease : capable of being infected |
| transmission of disease | an act, process, or instance of transmitting |
| vectors | organism that does not itself cause disease but serves to transmit an infectious organism from one host to another. |
| fomites | inanimate object (not living) that can become contaminated with a pathogen which can then be carried to a susceptible host. |
| direct contact | most common ways that infectious disease organisms are transmitted. A susceptible animal comes into contact with the infected animal and the microbe is transferred via contact with body fluids / secretions / skin / fur |
| transplacental | relating to, involving, or being passage (as of an antibody) between mother and fetus through the placenta |
| mucous membranes | a membrane rich in mucous glands; specifically : one that lines body passages and cavities which communicate directly or indirectly with the exterior |
| neoplasia / neoplasm | a new growth of tissue serving no physiological function : tumor |
| exposure | he fact or condition of being exposed: as a : the condition of being unprotected |
| differential diagnosis | the distinguishing of a disease or condition from others presenting similar symptoms |
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