AP Ch 14(A) Brain
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Ed8198 Plus on January 22, 2013
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AP Ch 14 Brain
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60 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 the major region of the brain used for memory, intelligence and complex motor function | cerebrum |
| region of the brain that adjusts voluntary and involuntary motor activity based on sensory info and memories of mvmt | cerebellum |
| brain stem consists of the ___, ___ and ___ ___ | midbrain, pons and meulla oblongata |
| the prosencephalon, mesencephalon and rhombencephelon are the three ___ ___ ___ | primary brain vesicles |
| the telencephalon ultimately forms the ___ of the adult brain | cerebrum |
| the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata make up the ___ ___ | brain stem |
| brain structure that controls conscious thought, memory processing and complex motor movements | cerebrum |
| the thalamus and the hypothalamus make up the | diencephalon |
| brain structure that integrates sensory input with motor output subconsciously | diencephelon (thalamus and hypothalamus) |
| thalamus function | relay sensory info to the basal nuclei and cerebral cortex. acts as a filter sending only necessary sensory input |
| functions of hypothalamus | 1-subconscious skeletal muscle control (sex, rage, pain response) 2-control autonomic centers in medulla oblongata (HR, BP, RR etc) 3-nervous/endocrine control through regulatory hormones directed at pituitary gland 4-secretes two hormones (ADH and OXT) 5-emotions and behavioral drives (hunger, thirst) 6-coordinates voluntary and autonomic functions (fight or flight) 7-body temp regulation 8-circadian rhythms control |
| two hormones secreted by hypothalamus | ADH and OXT (antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin) |
| ADH is also known as | vasopressin |
| brain structure that processes visual and auditory sensations, somatic reflexes and maintains consciousness | midbrain (superior part of brain stem) |
| brains structure that modifies respiratory activity of medulla oblongata, relays info to cerebellum and sense/motor of cranial nerves for face and internal ear | pons (middle of brain stem) |
| relays sensory info to thalamus, contains auronomic centers for regulation of visceral function (HR, BP, RR, digestive, etc) | medulla oblongata (inferior brain stem) |
| adjusts postural muscles, fine-tunes movements conscious and subconscious based on proprioceptive info | cerebellum |
| controls conscious thought, intellect, memory processing, complex skeletal muscle movement | cerebrum |
| neural cortex | layer of gray matter covering the cerebrum and cerebellum |
| portion of the neural cortex (gray matter) that covers the cerebrum | cerebral cortex |
| neural cortex (gray matter) that covers cerebellum | cerebellar cortex |
| spinal cord connects to brain at the | medulla oblongata |
| mesencephalon | midbrain |
| ventricles of brain | two lateral vetricles, septum pellucidum, third ventricle, fourth ventricle |
| connects the lateral ventricles with the third ventricle | interventricular foramen |
| layers of cranial meninges (from inside out) | pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater |
| functions of cranial meninges | pad and stabilize position of brain |
| functions of CSF | 1-cushioning 2-support (floats) 3-transport nutrients, waste and chemical messengers |
| CSF is produced at the ___ ___ | choroid plexus |
| isolates neural tissue from general circulation | blood-brain barrier |
| locations that the blood-brain barrier is incomplete (mostly for hormone secretion/interaction) | hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pineal gland and choroid plexus |
| cardiovascular and respiratory reflex centers are located in the ___ ___ | medulla oblongata |
| limbic system | motivational system, responsible for emotional states and behavioral drives and learning |
| hippocampus (limbic) | part of the limbic system important in learning, storing memories |
| longitudinal fissure | separates the two cerebral hemispheres |
| each cerebral hemisphere reveives info and sends info to the ___ side of the body | opposite |
| association fibers | type of axon of cerebral white matter, interconnect areas of cerebral cortex within a single hemisphere |
| commissural fibers | type of axon of cerebral white matter, allow communication between hemispheres |
| projection fibers | link cerebral cortex to pons, brain stem and spinal cord |
| basal nuclei | masses of gray matter within each hemisphere of cerebrum |
| functions of basal nuclei (in cerebrum) | subconscious control of skeletal muscle tone and coordination of learned mvmt patterns |
| how learned movement patterns work in the brain | cerebral cortex issues command to begin (ie start waking). basal nuclei subconsciously controls mvmts (ie arm and leg motion). cerebral cortex gives command to stop (ie stop walking) |
| substantia nigra of midbrain releases ___ whcih inhibits activity of basal nuclei | dopamine |
| Parkinson's disease | substantia nigra is damaged or neurons secrete less dopamine causing overactive basal nuclei to increase muscle tone and muscles unable to relax. every mvmt becomes voluntary and mentally trying |
| primary motor cortex | located in cerebrum, directs voluntary movement by controlling somatic motor neurons in the brain stem and spina cord |
| primary sensory cortex | located in cerebrum, receive somatic sensory info from receptors for touch, pressure, pain, vibration, taste and temp |
| visual cortex | in occipital lobe of cerebrum, receives visual info |
| auditory cortex | in temporal lobe of cerebrum, receives info about hearing |
| olfactory cortex | in temporal lobe of cerebrum, receives info about smell |
| gustatory cortex | receives info about taste |
| association areas | regions of the cerebral cortex that monitor, interpret and process incoming data |
| visual association area | monitors visual cortex and interprets results (visual cortex allows you to see a string of letters, association area processes them allowing you to read) |
| auditory association area | monitors auditory cortex and processes the info |
| premotor cortex (somatic motor association area) | responsible for the coordination of learned movements |
| General interpretive area (Wernicke's area) | receives info from ALL sensory association areas. essential for personality, integrates info into complex visual and auditory memories |
| prefrontal cortex | in frontal lobe, coordinates info from entire cortex, performs abstract thoughts |
| hemishperic lateralization | each hemisphere of the cerebrum is responsible for its own set of functions independant from the other hemisphere |
| functions of Lt hemisphere of cerebrum | Logic, analytics, math, speech, reading, writing, decision-making |
| functions of Rt hemsiphere | recognizes faces, emotions, 3D relationships |
| cranial nerves are numbered? | based on attachement point on brain moving anterior to posterior (CN I is most anterior and CN XII is the most posterior) |
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