1.
Asiento: A decree that stated that England could take slaves to the United States
2.
Battle of Lepanto: Battle in which the Holy League, led by the Spanish defeated the Ottoman Empire
3.
Bourbon Dynasty: A powerful European monarchy, they were a branch of the Capetian dynasty, controlled the French and Spanish thrones at one point
4.
Boyars: The land onwning nobles of Russia
5.
Cardinal Mazarin: Ruler of France when Louis XIV took over, well liked for ending the Thirty Years' war
6.
Cardinal Richelieu: Inf effect the Ruler of France under Louis XIII, moved against the Huguenots
7.
Catholic Union: Mlitary alliance that allied Protestant princes in anticipation of war, war came in the form of the thirty years war
8.
Cavaliers and Roundheads: Supporters of the king and supporters of Parliament respectively
9.
Charles I: Son of James I, become so angry with parliament he dissolves it but calls it back together because he needs money, has to agree to a contract for the money but ignores it
10.
Charles VI (Austria): Ruler of Austria, he conquers new lands but doesn't provide a male heir
11.
Defenestration of Prague: Citizens of Prague convict two catholic ministers and throw them out of a window, but they don't die, kicked of the thirty years war
12.
Don Quixote: novel written by Don Miguel de Cervantes, thought to be the first modern novel
13.
Edict of Nantes: A declaration of religious toleration passed by Henry IV
14.
English Civil War: The war between the supporters of Parliament and the supporters of the king
15.
Frederick II (The Great): (r. of Prussia 1740-1786) seized Silesia, relative religious toleration, wanted to rationalize legal system (more efficient/national/limit aristocratic influence), 'first servant of the state'
16.
Frederick William: of Prussia, part of the Hohenzollern family, wanted to protect Prussia from any future invasion, create a strong state, important part was a strong military
17.
French and Indian War: Was a war fought by French and English on American soil over control of the Ohio River Valley-- English defeated French in1763. Historical Significance: established England as number one world power and began to gradually change attitudes of the colonists toward England for the worse.
18.
Gustavus Adolphus: Swedish king who came to the rescue and turned the tide of the Thirty Years war for the Protestants
19.
Habeas Corpus Act: A right for the people that allowed all accused citizens to stand trial before a judge
20.
Hapsburg: a royal German family that provided rulers for several European states and wore the crown of the Holy Roman Empire from 1440 to 1806, also controlled Austria
21.
Henry IV: Another name for Prince Henry of Navarre
22.
Hohenzollerns: The ruling family of Prussia
23.
Holy League: Composed of all major Catholic states along the Mediterranean
24.
Intendants: Government agents who collected taxes and administered justice
25.
Ivan III: The prince that made Moscow the new capital of Russia, and he overthrew the Mongols that were dominating Russia.
26.
Ivan IV: set up secret police, the most powerful of the early czars. Learned, religious, and cruel. Saw treason everywhere and arrested, exiled, or excecuted many advisors, reduced boyars power, increased Russia's trade with western Europe and worked to expand borders, conquered Mongul lands to the east and south of Moscow
27.
James I: He became the king of Scotland and England, always needed more money from Parliament
28.
James II: He become the ruler of England but he is Catholic so people get scared and overthrow him
29.
Jean Colbert: Minister of Finance under Louis XIV, wanted France to be Self-Sufficient
30.
Junkers: land-owning nobles of Prussia
31.
Louis XIII: Ruled after Henry IV, was a poor monarch but appointed a strong minister, Cardinal Richelieu
32.
Louis XIV: French King, obsessed with power and wealth, most powerful ever, built palace at Versailles
33.
Maria Theresa: The daughter of Charles VI, people question whether or not she will be able to take control of Austria after her father dies
34.
Michael Romanov: The Grandson of Anastasia who was elected to be the next ruler of Russia after the Time of Troubles
35.
Michel de Montaigne: introduced the writing form of the Essay, which he used to express Skepticism
36.
Miguel de Cervantes: Spanish author, wrote the first modern novel
37.
Oliver Cromwel: He turns the tide for the Roundheads and establishes a republic
38.
Oprichniki: A personal group of civil servants who arrested boyers and gave their lands to Ivan the Terrible's supporters
39.
Peter the Great: The Russian czar who wanted to modernize and westernize Russia, he established St. Petersburg and made it possible for Russia to be a European power
40.
Petition of Right: Document prepared by Parliament and signed by King Charles I of England in 1628; challenged the idea of the divine right of kings and declared that even the monarch was subject to the laws of the land
41.
Pragmatic Sanction: The proclamation from the king that stated that the citizens of Austria must accept Maria Theresa as the king after Charles VI dies
42.
Prince Henry of Navarre: First King in the Bourbon Dynasty, ruled France, strong, cunning and eased religious tension
43.
Protestant Union: MIllitary Alliance that allied Protestant princes in anticipation of war
44.
Prussia: central European nation situated east of Germany, it's ruling family is the Hohenzollerns
45.
Rembrandt: Dutch painter and etcher, one of the best of the Dutch Golden Age
46.
Rene Descartes: Brilliant thinker, wrote Meditation on First Philosophy which explored skepticism
47.
Restoration: The movement that restores the original system in England
48.
Romanovs: Eventually leaders of Russia came together and elected a new leader which began this dynasty
49.
Salic Law: The law that states that women cannot govern Austria
50.
Saxony: a German state, land which Russian and Prussia fought for, eventually went to Prussia
51.
St. Petersburg: The Russian city that was set up on the Baltic sea so they could have access to European markets
52.
Stuarts: The family that takes over the English monarchy starting with James I, they were always fighting with parliament for money
53.
The Commonwealth of England: The republic that is set up by Oliver Cromwell, he however quickly becomes a military dictator
54.
The Grand Embassy: Peter the Great (in disguise as a carpenter) went on a grand voyage to the west to learn about industrial techniques, European customs, and modern life...
55.
Time of Troubles: This began after Ivan IV killed his son, during this time Boyars fought for control and the heirs of czars died mysteriously so there was no clear leader
56.
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle: Ends the War of the Austrian Succession
57.
Treaty of Utrecht: Ended the War of the Spanish Succession, allowed Louis XIV's grandson to continue as Spain's King but didn't allow Spain and France to merge
58.
Treaty of Westphalia: The treaty that ended the thirty years war, allowed people to choose their religion and gave German princes independence from the Holy Roman Empire
59.
United Provinces of the Netherlands: The country that was founded after the Dutch gained independence from Spain
60.
Velazquez: Famous Spanish painter, painted, old woman frying eggs, philip IV, las meninas, and christ crucified
61.
Vermeer: Painted, did allegory of faith, the milk maid, the music lesson and view of delft
62.
War of the Austrian Succession: Prussia invades when Maria takes the throne, resulting in a war between Prussia/France and Austria/England
63.
War of the Spanish Succession: A struggle in which numerous European nations joined to stop the merging of the French and Spanish thrones
64.
Whigs and Tories: Two groups in England that eventually turn into political parties
65.
William and Mary of Orange: The King and Queen who are chosen to overthrow James II, they establish and follow a bill of rights
