Small Animal Diseases & Medical Care-Epidemiology Taxonomy Overview of Microbes
About this set
Created by:
kellymatt1224 Plus on January 23, 2013
Description:
Epidemiology,Taxonomy, Overview of Microbes
Transmission and Development of Infectious Diseases
~VETT113 Small Animal Diseases and Medical Care
San Juan College Veterinary Technicians
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72 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Epidemiology | the study of the cause, incidence, source, method of transmission, and distribution of disease in a population (group of animals / humans) |
| Epidemiologist | study infectious diseases and non-infectious diseases such as chronic illnesses, accidents, environmental issues, behavioral problems. |
| Subclinical or Asymptomatic | the animal is infected but no clinical signs develop |
| Clinical Signs or Symptomatic | the animal is infected and shows a variety of clinical signs of the disease |
| Morbidity | An illness or abnormal condition / diseased / unhealthy |
| Mortality | Death / death rate |
| Endemic | This is a disease that is found at a fairly constant, low incident rate in a population Example: Rabies in certain wildlife species in certain areas |
| Epidemic (Outbreaks) | Occurrence of more cases of disease than would normally be expected in a population: an increase in cases This may also be called an Epizootic when animals are affected examples: Spinal Meningitis in school age children or typical flu cases |
| Pandemic | Epidemics that spread to several countries / new continents (worldwide), which affect large number of animals/people Examples: AIDS, Influenza, Plague |
| Taxonomy | orderly classification of organisms into groups and this classification scheme allows every single organism to have a specific scientific name |
| host specific | some microbes that cause disease in some species of animals but not others. |
| pathogenic | species of microbes capable of causing disease in people and animals |
| Prokaryotes | ~cells that do not have a "true" nucleus and are relatively simple cells. The genetic material is found loose in the cell. |
| Eukaryotes | ~cells that have a defined / "true" nucleus surrounded by a membrane and are much more complex ~Fungi, Protozoa, Animal, and Plant cells |
| Normal Flora | Microbes that colonize the human body during birth or shortly thereafter, remaining throughout life Ex; skin (especially the moist areas, such as the groin and between the toes), respiratory tract (particularly the nose), urinary tract, and the digestive tract (primarily the mouth and the colon) |
| Aerobes | require oxygen to grow |
| Anaerobes | require NO oxygen be present |
| Microbes | tiny organisms—too tiny to see without a microscope ~belonging to the bacteria group are made up of only one cell |
| Psychrophiles | cold-loving bacteria, can live in the subfreezing temperature of the Arctic. |
| Thermophiles | heat-loving bacteria that can live in extreme heat, |
| toxins | poisons |
| molecules | groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds |
| disease | occurs when cells or molecules in your body stop working properly, causing symptoms of illness. Many things can cause a disease, including altered genes, chemicals, aging, and infections |
| tissues | groups of cells that are similar in structure and perform a common or related function ~Ex liver, respiratory system, or blood. |
| virion, | piece of a virus that comes in contact with a cell it likes |
| bacteriophages | A Viruses that can "infect" bacteria |
| antibiotic | medicines for preventing and treating bacterial infections |
| fungus | a primitive plant found in in air, in soil, on plants, and in water |
| Fungal diseases | (Mycoses) disease that effect your skin, nails, body hair, internal organs such as your lungs, and body systems such as your nervous systemmycoses. |
| antibiotics | medicines that kill harmful bacteria in our bodies |
| Protozoa | group of microscopic one-celled animals. |
| microorganisms | any tiny (usually microscopic) entity capable of carrying on living processes; kinds of microorganisms include bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses; seen only by a microscope. |
| microbiologists | scientists who study microbes |
| epidemic | a widespread outbreak of an infectious disease |
| pandemics | An outbreak of a disease that spreads worldwide. |
| microbiology | study of how microbes work and how to control them. It seeks ways to use that knowledge to prevent and treat the diseases microbes cause. |
| pathogens | disease producing microorganisms |
| immune system | a system (including the thymus and bone marrow and lymphoid tissues) that protects the body from foreign substances and pathogenic organisms by producing the immune response |
| antigen | a substance that stimulates an immune response |
| immunity | the quality of being unaffected by something |
| antibodies | substances produced by the body to prevent disease |
| immune responses | Classically conditioned immune system to suppress itself at a specific cue |
| Immunization | a process of stimulates the body's immune system to defend against attack by particular contagious disease |
| Acute infections | infections that are usually severe and last a short tim |
| Chronic infections | usually develop from acute infections and can last for days to months to a lifetime. Sometimes people are unaware they are infected but still may be able to transmit the germ to others |
| Latent infections | infections that are "hidden" or "silent" and may or may not cause symptoms again after the first acute episode. |
| infection | occurs when a microbe—such as a virus, bacterium, fungus, or parasite—enters your body and begins to reproduce |
| antiparasitic | drugs used to treat parasite infections or infestations. |
| virus | very tiny, simple organisms not able to metabolize, grow, or reproduce on its own, but must take over a host cell that provides these functions without the aid of a host cell, and is therefore not considered "living." |
| genetic material | blueprint for determining the structure and behavior of a cell |
| capsid | The coat serves to protect the nucleic acid and aid in its transmission between host cells. |
| capsomeres | many small protein particles that make up a capsid |
| phagocytosis | a process when a virus finds a suitable host to reproduce and attaches to the surface of the cell or is ingested into the cell |
| Antibodies | substances that will destroy an invader and prevent the host from contracting the same disease again in the future |
| interferons | small proteins that are produced by a cell infected with a virus |
| binary fission | a type of asexual reproduction; divide in two, and each new bacterium is a clone of the original - they each contain a copy of the same DNA |
| flagella | long whip-like structures attached to bacteria used for movement. |
| invasiveness | a measure of the bacterium's ability to grow inside the host |
| toxigenicity | measures the capacity of the bacterium to produce toxins (chemical substances that cause damage to the host) |
| Fungi | large, plant-like organisms that lack chlorophyll therefore needing to absorb food from whatever they are growing on |
| chitin | nitrogenous substance found inthe cell wall of a fungis (not found in the cell walls of plants, but can be found in the outer shells of some crabs and mollusks) |
| hyphae | network of branching tubes known |
| mycelium | mass network of hyphae (branching tubes) |
| nucleus | genetic material gathered together and enclosed by a membrane |
| Fragmentation | mode of reproduction used fungi that form hyphae; hyphae break off and grow as new individuals. |
| Spores | tiny single cells that are produced by fungi that have hyphae |
| heterotrophs | secrete digestive enzymes and absorb the resulting soluble nutrients from whatever they are growing on. |
| fungistatic | drugs that can only prevent further growth of a fungus rather than to kill it |
| mutualistic | positive host microbe relationship that both the host and the microbe benefit |
| commensalistic | positive host microbe relationship where one partner of the relationship benefits (usually the microbe) and the other partner (usually the host) is neither benefited nor harmed |
| parasitic | negative host microbe relationship where the microbe benefits at the expense of the host and causes damage to the host |
| pathogenic | negative host microbe relationship where the microbe causes damage to the host |
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