1.
Accessory chemicals: Chemicals used in addition to the vascular and cavity embalming fluids.
2.
Acid (Arrhenius): A substance that yields hydrogen or hydronium ions in water solution.
3.
Acid (Bronsted-Lowry): A substance that tends to donate a proton.
4.
Acid (Lewis): A substance that tends to accept a pair of electrons.
5.
Active Dyes a.k.a. Cosmetic dyes: Those dyes which impart color to body tissue.
6.
Adipocere (Grave Wax): A wax-like material produced by saponification of body fat in a body buried in alkaline soil.
7.
Alcohol: An organic compound containing one or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups. The general formula is R-OH, where R is a hydrocarbon group.
8.
Aldehyde: An organic compound containing one or more -CHO groups. The general formula is RCHO where R is a hydrocarbon group or hydrogen.
9.
Aldose: A sugar in which the functional groups are hydroxyl groups (-OH) and aldehyde groups (-CHO).
10.
Aliphatic: Pertaining to any member of one of the two major groups of organic compounds, those having straight or branched chain structures.
11.
Alkane: A saturated hydrocarbon; a hydrocarbon that has no carbon - carbon multiple bonds; has only carbon-carbon single bonds; formerly called the paraffin series.
12.
Alkene: An unsaturated hydrocarbon containing a double bond.
13.
Alkyl Group: A monovalent radical of the general formula CnH2n+1 formed when an alkane loses one hydrogen atom.
14.
Alkyl Halide: An aliphatic hydrocarbon with one or more halogen atoms attached.
15.
Alkyne: An unsaturated hydrocarbon containing a triple bond.
16.
Allotropism: The existence of an element in two or more distinct forms. Examples: oxygen as O, O2, & O3; carbon as coal, graphite & diamond.
17.
Amide: Any compound derived from ammonia by substitution of a carbonyl group (C=O) for hydrogen, or from an organic acid by replacing the -OH group of the carboxyl group with an amino group (-NH2). Formed by the neutralization of an organic acid with ammonia.
18.
Amine: An organic compound containing nitrogen; any of a group of compounds formed from ammonia by replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms by organic radicals. The general formula for primary amines is R-NH-L.
19.
Amino Acid: The building blocks of proteins; a compound containing an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl (-COOH) group attached to an alpha carbon and a radical.
20.
Amphoteric: A compound that can act as both an acid and a base. Example: amino acid.
21.
Anion: A negatively charged atom or group of atoms.
22.
Anticoagulants: Used to keep the blood in the liquid state; chemicals that retard the tendency of the blood to become more viscous by natural post mortem processes or prevent any other adverse reactions from occurring between the blood and the other embalming chemicals.
23.
Aromatic: Any compound containing a resonance - stabilized ring such as benzene or toluene. Resonance occurs because electrons are not fixed objects near a given atom. Instead, they move around the entire molecule.
24.
Arterial fluid: The concentrated, preservative embalming chemical that will be diluted with water to form the arterial solution for injection into the arterial system during vascular embalming.
25.
Atom: The smallest particle of an element that has all the properties of the element.
26.
Autolysis: Self-digestion or self-destruction of the body by autolytic enzymes.
27.
Autopsy Chemical: Those chemicals specifically designed for use in the preparation of those bodies that have been autopsied.
28.
Base (Arrhenius): A substance that yields hydroxide ions in water solution.
29.
Base (Bronsted-Lowry): A substance that tends to accept a proton in a chemical reaction
30.
Base (Lewis): A substance that tends to donate a pair of electrons in a chemical reaction
31.
Biochemistry: That branch of chemistry dealing with compounds produced by living organisms.
32.
Boiling: The rapid passage of liquid particles to the vapor state by forming bubbles through the action of heat.
33.
Buffers: Agents which will inhibit minor changes in body pH caused by decomposition.
34.
calorie (small c): The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1°C at 15°C.
35.
Carbohydrate: A compound of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen which includes sugars, starches, and glycogen.
36.
Carbonyl group: A chemical group composed of one carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen.
37.
Carboxylic Acid (Organic Acid): An organic compound containing the carboxyl group -COOH.
38.
Catalyst: A substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction but undergoes no net change itself during the reaction.
39.
Cation: A positively charged atom or group of atoms.
40.
Cavity fluids: Concentrated embalming chemicals which are injected into the cavities of the body following aspiration in cavity embalming. These fluids can also be used for surface and hypodermic embalming of problem areas.
41.
Celsius Temperature (°C): The temperature scale defined so that freezing point of water is 0° and its boiling point is 100° at 1 atmosphere of pressure.
42.
Chemical Change: One in which a new substance or substances are produced that have entirely different properties from the original substance.
43.
Chemical Properties: A characteristic that can be observed when a substance is interacting with other substances.
44.
Chemistry: The branch of natural science that is concerned with the description and classification of matter, with the changes which matter undergoes, and with the energy associated with each of these changes.
45.
Co-Injection agents: Agents which are injected into the body at the same time as preservatives.
46.
Coagulation: The process of converting soluble protein to insoluble protein by heating or contact with a chemical such as an alcohol or an aldehyde.
47.
Colloid: A solution - like system in which the size of solute particles is between 1 and 100 nanometers. Particles of solute pass through filters but not membranes.
48.
Combustion: The rapid oxidation of burning that produces heat and light.
49.
Compound: A substance consisting of two or more atoms combined chemically in definite proportion by mass.
50.
Compound Lipid: A lipid whose hydrolytic products are fatty acids, an alcohol, and other substances.
51.
Concentrated Solution: A solution containing a relatively large amount of solute.
52.
Concentration: The ratio of the mass or volume of a solute to the mass or volume of the solution or solvent.
53.
Condensation: The process of passing from a gas to a liquid.
54.
Cosmetic fluid: Embalming fluid that contains active dyes and coloring agents intended to restore a more natural skin tone, by imparting color to tissue.
55.
Covalent Bond: A chemical bond in which a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms.
56.
Crenation: shrinking of red blood cells
57.
Crystallization: To give a definite form to a substance.
58.
Crystalloid: Smallest size particles evenly distributed thoughout mixture, cannot be separated by filtration or semipermeable membrane. Can only be separated by changing state of water (boiling)
59.
Deamination: The removal of an amino (-NH2) group from a compound.
60.
Decarboxylation: The removal of a carboxyl (-COOH) group from a compound.
61.
Decay: The gradual decomposition of dead organic matter by the enzymes of aerobic bacteria.
62.
Dehydration (Desiccation): The removal of water from a substance.
63.
Denaturation: The disruption and breakdown of the secondary structure of a protein by heat or chemicals.
64.
Density: The ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume.
65.
Deodorants (Perfumes, masking agents): Chemicals having the capability of displacing an unpleasant odor or of altering an unpleasant odor so that it is converted to a more pleasant one.
66.
Dialdehyde: An organic compound containing two aldehyde (-CHO) radicals.
67.
Diatomic ion: An ion composed of two atoms. (in nature, O, N, Cl, F, Br, I)
68.
Diffusion: The movement of molecules or other particles in solution from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration until a uniform concentration is reached
69.
Dihydroxy Alcohol: An alcolhol containing two hydroxyl groups.
70.
Dilute Solution: A solution containing relatively small amount of solute.
71.
Disaccharide: A carbohydrate sugar formed by the linking of two sugar units (monosaccharides).
72.
Dyes a.k.a. Coloring agents: Natural or synthetic matter that is used to impart color to another material.
73.
Electron: A subatomic particle with a negative electrical charge and a mass that is I/1,857 that of a proton. Found outside the nucleus of an atom.
74.
Element: A simple substance which cannot be decomposed by ordinary chemical means.
75.
Embalming Chemistry: The study of those types of matter and changes in matter related to the disinfection and preservation of human remains.
76.
Embalming fluid: The fluids specifically designed for preservation and disinfection purposes.
77.
Emulsification: The act of mixing two insoluble liquids. Examples: oil in water by the action of soap; fats in digestion by the action of bile.
78.
Emulsion: A mixture of two insoluble liquids, one being dispersed throughout the other in small droplets.
79.
Endothermic Reaction: A chemical reaction that absorbs or requires heat from its surroundings.
80.
Energy: The ability of a system or material to do work.
81.
Enzyme: A protein that acts as a biological catalyst.
82.
Equation, Chemical: A combination of chemical symbols and formulas used as a shorthand way to represent the reactants and products in a chemical reaction.
83.
Ester: A compound with the general formula RCOOR1, (where R is a hydrocarbon group or a hydrogen, and R1 is a hydrocarbon group) formed from and alcohol and organic or carboxylic acid compound by removal of water (dehydration).
84.
Ether: Any organic compound with the general formula ROR1, where R and R1 are hydrocarbon groups, formed by dehydration between two alcohols.
85.
Exothermic Reaction: A chemical reaction that releases heat.
86.
Fat: A common name for a triacylglycerol that is a semisolid or solid at room temperature and contains a high percentage of saturated fatty acids.
87.
Fermentation: The microbial decomposition of carbohydrates under anaerobic conditions.
88.
Formaldehyde: index 37 is saturation point (25 % is unsat) (75% is supersat)
89.
Formaldehyde Demand: That amount of formaldehyde necessary to overcome any nitrogen residue and cause the body proteins to become coagulated.
90.
Formalin: Formaldehyde gas dissolved in water at 37% by weight and 40% by volume.
91.
Formula: A qualitative and quantitative expression of a compound using symbols and subscripts to indicated the chemical constituents of a substance and their respective numbers.
92.
Freezing: A change of state of matter from a liquid to a solid by the loss of heat.
93.
Functional Group: A specific atom or group of atoms that is attached to a carbon atom in an organic compound and that imparts an identifiable chemical behavior to the compound.
94.
Gas: A state of matter in which the atoms or molecules move about in almost complete freedom from one another.
95.
General Formulas: A formula that denotes a class of compounds and includes the functional group and a symbol (R) denoting a radical.
96.
Glucose: A simple sugar (monosaccharide) with a molecular formula of C6H12O6.
97.
Gluteraldehyde demand: See formaldehyde demand.
98.
Glycogen: An animal starch made by forming chains of alpha glucose molecules.
99.
Halogens: Used for disinfectants, diatomic, inc Cl, F, Br, I
100.
Hardening Compounds: Chemicals which have water absorbing and disinfectant properties, but no preservatives.
101.
Hardness of Water: The condition of water which results from dissolved minerals and metallic ions such as calcium and magnesium.
102.
Hemoglobin: An iron-containing protein molecule occurring in red blood cells of vertebrates.
103.
Hemolysis: Swelling & bursting of red blood cells ( caused by plasmoptysis)
104.
Heterogeneous: Consisting of or composed of dissimilar elements or components; not having a uniform quality throughout.
105.
Hexose: A six carbon sugar molecule.
106.
High-Index fluid: A specialized arterial fluid with an index that is greater than the normal index used in arterial fluid. These fluids are used on difficult cases which require more formaldehyde, such as a body that died from drowning or a body is a severe state of decomposition.
107.
Homogeneous: A sample of matter with uniform composition.
108.
Humectants: Chemicals which increase the capability of embalmed tissues to retain moisture.
109.
Hydrate: Compound in which there is a chemical union between water and certain substances when they crystallize.
110.
Hydrocarbon: An organic compound that contains carbon and hydrogen only.
111.
Hydrogen (4 Characteristics): Smallest, lightest element. Most abundant element in universe. Nascent. Diatomic
112.
Hydrolysis: A chemical reaction in which a substance is broken down or dissociated by water; a reaction between a salt and water to yield an acid and a base.
113.
Hydroxyl: The hydroxyl group -OH is a univalent radical and the functional group of the basic compounds in inorganic chemistry and the alcohols in organic chemistry
114.
Hypertonic solution: A solution having a greater concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared.
115.
Hypotonic solution: A solution having a lesser concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared.
116.
Imbibition: The swelling and softening of tissues and organs as a result of absorbing moisture from adjacent sources.
117.
Inactive Dyes (Non-Cosmetic dyes): Those dyes which do not impart color to body tissue.
118.
Index: The strength of embalming fluids indicated by the number of grams of formaldehyde gas divided by (dissolved in) 100 milliliters of water.
119.
Inertia: The property of matter to remain at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an outside force
120.
Inorganic Chemistry: That branch of chemistry that studies the properties and reactions of elements, excluding organic or certain carbon containing compounds.
121.
Ion: An atomic or molecular species with a positive (cation) or negative (anion) electrical charge; an atom of an element or a group of atoms acting as one unit that has lost or gained an electron or electrons.
122.
Ionization: The dissociation of a substance in solution into ions.
123.
Isomerism: The possession by two or more distinct compounds of the same molecular formula, each molecule having the same number of atoms of each element, but in different arrangement.
124.
Isotonic solution: A solution having a equal concentration of dissolved solute as the solution to which it is compared.
125.
Isotopes: Atoms of the same element which have different # of neutrons
126.
Jaundice fluid: A specialized arterial fluid with special bleaching and coloring qualities for use on bodies with jaundice; usually they contain a low amount of formaldehyde
127.
Kelvin: The base SI unit of temperature; an absolute scale of temperature; 0o C = 32o F = 273 Kelvin.
128.
Ketone: Any of a class of organic compounds containing the carbonyl group (C=O) whose carbon atom is joined to two other carbon atoms; the carbonyl group occurs within the carbon chain. Carbonyl group - a chemical group composed of one carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen.
129.
Ketose: A sugar whose functional groups are hydroxyl (-OH) groups and ketone (C=O) groups.
130.
Kilogram: 1000 grams. The basic unit of mass in the metric system.
131.
Kinetic Energy: Energy of a body by virtue of its motion.
132.
Law of Conservation of Energy: In any chemical or physical change, energy is neither created nor destroyed but merely transformed from one form to another.
133.
Law of Conservation of Mass: In any chemical or physical change, mass is neither created nor destroyed.
134.
LD (Lethal Dose 50%): The amount of a poison (or radiation) which will kill 50% of the group which has been poisoned.
135.
Line Formula: Condensed version of the structural formula, written all on one line and demonstrating the relationship of substituent groups in the molecule.
136.
Liquefaction: Conversion of a solid or gas onto a liquid form.
137.
Liquid: A substance that flows readily but does not tend to expand indefinitely.
138.
Liter: Standard unit of volume in the metric system.
139.
Mass: The quantity of matter present in an object.
140.
Matter: Anything that has mass and occupies space.
141.
Melting: The disruption of a crystal lattice so that the particles move freely about and the solid becomes a liquid.
142.
Metal: An element marked by luster, malleability, ductility, and conductivity of electricity and heat, and which will ionize positively in solution.
143.
Metathesis Reaction: A chemical reaction in which an element or radical in one compound exchanges places with another element or radical in another compound.
144.
Meter: The standard metric unit of length.
145.
Methylene Glycol: Formaldehyde & water compound. Will dissociate to formaldehyde gas & water if exposed to heat, light & air
146.
Minimum Lethal Dose (MLD): The smalllest dose of a poison (or radiation) on record that produces death.
147.
Mixture: A combination of two or more substances not chemically united and not in definite proportion by mass.
148.
Modifying agents: Chemicals for which there may be greatly varying demands predicated upon the type of embalming, the environment and the arterial fluid to be used.
149.
Modifying Agents (4 Types): Humectants, Buffers, Water Conditioning Agents, Surfactants
150.
Mold preventative agent: Agents which inhibit the growth of mold.
151.
Molecular Formula: A chemical formula expressing the number of atoms of each element present in a molecule of a substance, without indicating how they are linked.
152.
Molecule: The smallest amount of a substance which can exist alone; an aggregation of atoms, specifically a chemical combination of two or more atoms which form a specific chemical substance.
153.
Monatomic Ion: A charged entity consisting of only a single atom.
154.
Monohydroxy Alcohol: An alcohol with only one hydroxyl group.
155.
Monosaccharide: The simplest form of a carbohydrate consisting of a single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose.
156.
Movement of Solution (4 types): Diffusion, Osmosis, Dialysis, Ultra-filtration
157.
Neutralization: The reaction of an acid and a base to produce a salt and water.
158.
Neutron: A neutral subatomic particle with a mass similar to that of a proton. It is normally found in the nucleus of an atom.
159.
Nitrogen (3 Characteristics): Most abundant element in atmosphere. Forms essential compounds in body. Diatomic
160.
Noble Gases: aka inert gases. Tend not to react with other elements
161.
Non-Cosmetic fluid: Embalming fluid that contains inactive dyes, that is dyes which do not impart color to the body of the deceased.
162.
Nonmetal: Any element which is not a metal; any element which will ionize negatively in solution.
163.
Nucleus: A very dense, small, positively charged center of an atom that contains most of the atom in the form of protons and neutrons.
164.
Oil: A common name for a triacylglycerol that is a liquid at room temperature and contains a high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids.
165.
Organic Chemistry: That branch of chemistry that deals with certain carbon containing compounds.
166.
Osmosis: The passage of pure solvent from a solution of lesser to one of greater solute concentration when the two solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane which selectively prevents the passage of solute molecules, but is permeable to the solvent.
167.
Oxidation: The combination of a substance with oxygen; a gain in oxidation number; a loss of electrons.
168.
Oxidation Number: A number used to represent the number of electrons lost, gained or shared in a chemical change.
169.
Oxide: A compound consisting of oxygen combined with another element.
170.
Oxygen (3 Characteristics): Most abundant element on earth. Diatomic. Oxides = compounds w/ contain oxygen
171.
Paraformaldehyde: Solid form of formaldehyde used in autopsy powders
172.
Parts per million (ppm): A method of expressing low concentrations; 1 ppm is equivalent to 1 milligram per liter.
173.
Pentose: A five-carbon sugar molecule.
174.
Peptide Bond: A bond formed from a dehydration reaction between the amino group on one amino acid with the carboxyl (organic acid) group on the other amino acid.
175.
Periodic Table: The tabular arrangement of the elements in order of increasing atomic number so that the columns of elements represent the periodic recurrence of elements with similar properties.
176.
Periodic Table/ Columns: Group - Elements have same number of electrons in outer shell
177.
Periodic Table/ Periods: Row - Elements have same number of orbital shells (Max is 7)
178.
Permanent Hardness of Water: Water hardness that cannot be removed by boiling. The addition of chemicals must be used. Permanent hardness is caused by the chloride and sulfate salts of calcium and magnesium.
179.
pH: The measure of hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.
180.
Physical Change: A change in the form or state of matter without any change in chemical composition.
181.
Physical Properties: These include color, odor, taste, solubility in water, density, hardness, melting point, and boiling point.
182.
Plasmolysis: movement of water out of a cell
183.
Plasmoptysis: absorption of water into of a cell
184.
Poison: Any substance which imperils health of life when absorbed into the body in moderate amounts.
185.
Polyatomic Ion: A group of atoms that act as a unit and possesses a charge.
186.
Polyhydroxy alcohol: Those alcohols having more than one hydroxyl group.
187.
Polymer: A large molecule made by linking together a number of monomers, or basic chemical units.
188.
Polymerization: The linking together of monomer or basic chemical units to form a polymer molecule.
189.
Polysaccharide: A polymer made by linking together a number of simple sugar molecules. Starches and cellulose are examples.
190.
Potential Energy: Stored energy
191.
Pre-Injection agents: Agents which are injected into the body prior to the injection of preservatives.
192.
Pre-injection Fluids (Primary): Fluids whose purposes is to clear the vascular system of blood and enable the arterial solution to distribute with greater facility.
193.
Precipitants: A type of anticoagulant in which Calcium salts become solid, making them fall to the bottom of a vessel where they are passed to the kidney.
194.
Precipitate: A deposit of an insoluble or very slightly soluble solid substance in solution.
195.
Preservative / Embalming powders: Powders which have solid preservatives in them.
196.
Preservative Chemicals in order of effectiveness (4): Aldehydes, Phenolics, Alcohols, Inorganic Salts
197.
Preservatives: Agents which are used to change protein into a form which will inhibit decomposition.
198.
Pressure: The force per unit area exerted on a material.
199.
Primary Alcohol: An alcohol in which the hydroxyl (-OH) group is attached to a carbon that is attached to no more than one other carbon.
200.
Properties: Characteristics.
201.
Protein: A biological compound composed of many amino acids.
202.
Proton: A subatomic particle normally found in the nucleus of an atom. It has a mass number of 1 and an electrical charge of +1.
203.
Putrefaction: The decomposition of proteins by the action of enzymes of anaerobic bacteria.
204.
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds: Surface active agents that are usually used for disinfection of skin, oral and nasal cavities, and instruments.
205.
Reduction: A decrease in positive oxidation number; a gain of electrons; a combination of a substance with hydrogen.
206.
Restorative agents: Agents injected after or with the injection of preservatives, which are intended to help restore the body to a natural-looking state.
207.
Restorative Fluids: Restorative fluids may be separate fluids or ones enhanced by the addition of special chemicals such as humectants.
208.
Salt: Any group of substances that result from the reaction between acids and bases other than water.
209.
Saturated Hydrocarbon: A hydrocarbon which contains all single bonds and no double or triple bonds.
210.
Saturated Solution: A solution containing all of the solute the solvent is able to hold at a certain temperature and pressure.
211.
Sealing agent: Agents that provide a barrier to seal against any type of leakage of fluid or blood.
212.
Secondary Alcohol: An alcohol in which the hydroxyl (-OH) group is attached a carbon that is attached to two other carbons.
213.
Secondary Injection: That injection taking place after the initial, primary or first injection.
214.
Sequestering agents: A type of anticoagulant which coats calcium salts with a barrier to make them more soluble.
215.
Simple Lipid: A compound whose hydrolytic products are fatty acids and alcohols.
216.
Single Replacement Reaction: A reaction in which a single free element replaces or is substituted for one of the elements in a compound. A + BC ---> B + AC
217.
Solid: The condensed state of matter having a definite shape and volume. A substance that is not fluid or gaseous.
218.
Solidification: To make or become hard, firm, compact.
219.
Solubility: The measure of how well two substances mix.
220.
Solute: A substance dissolved in solvent to form a solution; the component of a solution present in a lesser amount.
221.
Solution: A homogeneous mixture of one or more substances (solutes) dispersed in a sufficient quantity of dissolving medium (solvent).
222.
Solvation: The process of dissolving
223.
Solvent: A substance that dissolves or is capable of dissolving; the component of a solution present in a greater amount.
224.
Specific Gravity: A ratio of densities with water as the standard.
225.
State of matter: A physical property of matter (solid, liquid, or gas); condition or stage in the physical composition of a substance at a given temperature and pressure
226.
Structural Formula: A chemical formula showing the spatial arrangement of the atoms and the linkage of every atom.
227.
Sublimation: The direct transformation of a solid to the gaseous state.
228.
Substrate: The material upon which an enzyme works.
229.
Supersaturated: Contains more solute than is poss. under normal conditions (change temp & pressure
230.
Supplemental fluid: Those embalming chemicals which are injected for purposes other than preservation and disinfection.
231.
Supplemental germicides/ Disinfectants: Agents which aid in the killing of microbes.
232.
Surface Tension: The force that acts on the surface of a liquid and tends to minimize surface area.
233.
Surfactants: Chemicals that will reduce the molecular cohesion of a liquid and thereby enable it to flow through smaller apertures. A.K.A. (Wetting agents/Surface Tension Reducers/Penetrating agents/Surface action agents)
234.
Suspension: A mixture of a solute and a solvent in which the size of the solute particle is greater than 100 nanometers. Particles of solute do not pass through filters or membranes.
235.
Symbol: Abbreviation for an element.
236.
Temperature scale: Means by which heat or cold are expressed; means to measure how hot or cold a substance is.
237.
Temporary Hardness of Water: Temporary hardness can be removed by boiling and is due to the presence of the bicarbonate salts of calcium and magnesium. Boiling stopped right here.
238.
Thanatochemistry: The study of those physical and chemical changes in the human body that are caused by the process of death.
239.
Thioalcohol (thiols or mercaptan): A chemical compound similar to alcohol in which the hydroxyl group is replaced by a sulfydral group (-SH).
240.
Toxin: A poisonous substance produced by higher plants, animals, or pathogenic bacteria that is toxic (poisonous) to humans.
241.
Trihydroxy alcohol: An alcohol having three hydroxyl groups. Example: glycerol.
242.
True solution: Homogeneous mixture of two or more substances able to pass through a semipermeable membrane. The size of the solute particles is less than one nanometer
243.
Type formula: Expression of the fixed ratio between carbon and hydrogen in hydrocarbons.
244.
Types of Embalming Fluids (4 types): Arterial, Cavity, Supplemental, Accessory
245.
Unsaturated hydrocarbon: An organic compound that has one or more double or triple bonds between two carbon atoms.
246.
Unsaturated solution: A solution containing less of the solute than can be held in soution by the solvent
247.
Urotropin (methenamine): The neuralization product of formaldehyde by ammonia (C6H12N4).
248.
Vapor: A gas, especially the gaseous form of a subtance that at ordinary temperatures is a liquid or solid.
249.
Vaporization: The physical change from a liquid into a gas.
250.
Vehicles: Liquids that serve as a solvent for the numerous ingredients that are incorporated into embalming fluids.
251.
Viscosity: The resistance that a liquid exhibits to the flow of one layer over another arising from the molecular attraction between the moleucules of a liquid
252.
Volatile: The quality of easily converting from a liquid to a gas at a relatively low temperature.
253.
Water Conditioning agent: Agents which will convert hard water into soft water. This process may be done by precipitants and sequestering agents.
254.
Wax: A type of lipid formed from the combination of unsaturated and/or saturated fatty acids and high-molecular weight alcohols (not glycerol).
255.
Weight: The measure of the gravitational pull on an object.
