Essential Chemistry for Biology - Chapter 2
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33 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What is matter? | Anything that has mass and occupies space. |
| What physical states is matter found in? | Solid Liquid Gas |
| What are elements? | Substances that cannot be broken down into other substances. |
| What is an atom? | The smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element. |
| What is a proton? | A subatomic particle w/ a single unit of positive electrical charge (+) |
| What is an electron? | A subatomic particle w/ a negative charge. |
| What is a neutron? | an electronically neutral subatomic particle. |
| What makes up the nucleus? | Protons and neutrons. |
| What is the atomic number? | The number of protons in an atom. |
| What determines which element it is? | the atomic number. |
| What is mass? | The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. |
| How many of the 90 naturally- occuring elements are used by living organisms? | 25. |
| What are the 4 most abundant elements in living cells? | Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen. |
| What are isotopes? | Elements that exist in different forms Forms of an element that differ in mass Same num of protons and electrons but diff num of neutrons |
| What is a radioactive isotope? | is one in which the nucleus decays, giving off particles of energy. |
| What primarily determines how an atom behaves? | Electrons. |
| Which part of the atom has the most energy? | The outer shell. |
| The number of shells an atom has depends on what? | the number of electrons it has. |
| How many electrons can the inner shell of an atom hold? | 2. |
| How many electrons can the 2nd and 3rd shell of an atom hold? | up to 8 electrons. |
| What determines the chemical properties of an atom? | The number of electrons in the outermost shell. |
| What are the three types of chemical bonds? | Ionic Covalent Hydrogen |
| What is an ionic bond? | The attraction btwn opposite charged ions. |
| What is a covalent bond? | Forms when 2 atoms share 1 or more pairs of outer shell electrons and forms a molecule. |
| What is a hydrogen bond? | Formed when a particularly positive atom from one polar molecule is attracted to the partially negative atoms in another molecule. |
| What is ion? | The term for atoms that are electronically charged as a result of gaining/losing electrons. |
| What is an ionic compound? | A compound held together by ionic bonds. |
| What is a molecule? | Atoms held together by covalent bonds. |
| The number of covalent bonds an atom can form is equal to what? | The number of additional electrons needed to fill its outer shell. |
| What is a polar molecule? | a molecule that has opposite charges on opposite ends. |
| What is a chemical reactions? | Changes is the chemical compound of matter. |
| The bond between the hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the oxygen atom of another water molecule is made possible by | the polarity of the water molecule |
| The tendency of water molecules to stick to each other is called | cohesion |
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