Biology 1 Chapter 10
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Pjohnson50 on January 29, 2013
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Biology chapter 10
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36 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 mitosis | cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes |
| spindle fibers | help pull apart the cell during replication and are made up of micrtubules |
| centrosomes | the two poles of the cell, the place where spindle fibers grow from. |
| centrioles | does something with spindle fibers. |
| interphase | cell grows |
| prophase | first and longest phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus |
| metaphase | second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell |
| anaphase | the 3rd stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle |
| telophase | The final stage of mitosis or meiosis, during which a nuclear membrane forms around each set of new chromosomes |
| What are the phases of Mitosis | Interphase Prophase Metaphas Anaphase Telophase |
| What happens during telophase | cytokinesis-splitting of cytoplasm mitosis splitting of nuclus |
| Stages of interphase | G1 S G2 |
| DNA | Deoxyribosenucleic acid-forms the genetic material of all cells. Double helix structure |
| What structure is DNA | Double helix |
| Cell Nuclease has ____ chromosomes | 23 pairs |
| What are the different forms of DNA | Chromatin Chromosome Chromatid Centromere Kinetochore |
| chromatin | combination of DNA and protein Most common form of DNA can't be seen Blueprints that are read |
| Chromosome | visible form of DNA Blueprint is NOT read Chromotin is tightly coiled |
| chromatid | 1/2 of duplciated chromosome 2 chromatids attached at a centromere Called sister chromatids |
| centromere | where sister chromoatids are joined holds the kinetochore |
| kinetochore | protein in center of centromere and connected to microtubles to transport chromosome to opposite end of cell |
| Cell cycle is divided in ___ parts | 2 Interphase and miotic phase |
| G1 phase | cell grows normal metabolic roles |
| S phase | Synthesis genetic material duplicates |
| G2 phase | DNA is loose chromotin but ready to go |
| Miotic phase contains | Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase |
| Miotic phase | cycle when a cell begins to divide |
| Mitosis | duplicated DNA seperates and moves to opposite sides-create 2 daughter nuclei |
| Cytokinesis | cytoplasm splits into 2 (makes identical daughter cells) |
| asexual reproduction | reproduction that does not involve the union of gametes and in which a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent |
| sexual reproduction | process in which genetic material from two parents combines and produces offspring that differ genetically from either parent |
| chromosomes | thread like structures that have genetic info that is passed down from one generation to the next |
| prokaryotic | describes a cell that does not have a nucleus or anyother membrane-covered organelles; also called bacteria. |
| eukaryotic | contains a nucleues , plasama membrane |
| cytokineses in plant cell | cell membrane not flexible-creates a cell plate for division |
| cytokinesis in animals | cytoplasm pinches in 1/2 and separates |
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