A&P urinary system
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Created by:
roxiedavis on February 25, 2010
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76 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 respiratory system excretes? | CO2 and H2O |
| digestive system excretes? | waste products, H2O, salt, bile, residue from digestion |
| skin excretes? | H2O, salt, small amounts of nitrogenous waste |
| urinary system excretes? | H2O, waste products, nitrogen, salts |
| excretion | function of removing useless substances from the blood and lymph |
| kidneys | excrete, does the hard work |
| kidneys | there are 2, left one is slightly higher than the other |
| where are the kidneys located? | in the small of the back at the lower edge of the ribs on either side of the vetebral column, retroperitoneal |
| how much does the kidney weigh? | 5 oz |
| hilus | concave area of the kidney where blood vessels, nerves, and a ureter enter |
| how are the kidneys held in place? | by adipose tissue and a renal capsule |
| cortex | outer portion of the kidney where the greater part of the nephron is located |
| appearance of the cortex | smooth and solid |
| medulla | part of the kidney that consists of several cone-shaped structures called pyramids |
| pyramid | drains wastes and excess H2O into the renal pelvis |
| has opening to drain urine into a calyx | pyramid |
| renin | an enzyme secreted by the kidney to control BP, activates the hormone angiotensin |
| angiotensin | causes blood vessels to constrict |
| erythropoietin | secreted by the kidney, works in bone marrow for RBC formation |
| urea | a waste product produced in the liver and transported to the kidneys for excretion |
| function of the kidneys | pH regulation, maintains water balance, excretion, controls BP, activates vit. D to absorb Ca, controls RBC formation |
| kidneys blood supply | renal artery and renal vein |
| renal artery | branch off of the abdominal aorta |
| renal vein | goes into the inferior vena cava |
| nephron | functional unit of the kidney, carries on processes that forms urine |
| over a million in each kidney | nephrons |
| glomerulus | a cluster of capillaries partially enclosed by the bowman's capsule |
| bowman's capsule | a funnel shaped structure |
| afferent arteriole | takes blood that is to be filtered to the glomerulus |
| efferent arteriole | blood leaves the glomerulus after it has been filtered |
| what filters through the glomerulus and into the bowman's capsule? | water, salts, glucose, and wastes |
| convoluted tubule | a long, twisted tube that extends from the bowman's capsule to the collecting duct |
| proximal convoluted tubule | first part of the convoluted tubule |
| loop of henle | second part of the convoluted tubule, loops down into the medulla |
| distal convolute tubule | final portion of the convoluted tubule |
| peritubular capillary system | capillaries that surround the convoluted tubule |
| tubular reabsorption | the peritubular capillary system reabsorbs the water and salts needed by the body as well as all of the glucose |
| urine | the remaining concentrated mixture of waste products and water |
| glomerulus | is fed and drained by arterioles, filtration |
| BP is comparitively high to easily force fluids and solids out of the blood and into the bowman's capsule | glomerulus |
| BP is low, adapted for absorption | peritubular capillary system |
| GFR | glomerular filtration rate |
| JG apparatus | releases renin that activates angiotensin and results in increased BP |
| JG apparatus | promotes vasoconstriction and vasodilation in the glomerulus |
| tubular reabsorption | the tubules reabsorb water, glucose, and amino acids |
| renal threshold | the plasma concentration at which no more of a solute can be returned to the blood and is retained in the urine |
| tubule secretion | tubule secretes potassium, vit. c, and penicillin, also important for controlling pH. they secrete H+ ions into the blood and reain more bicarb |
| dilute urine | results from ADH not being secreting from the posterior pituitary gland |
| concentrated urine | increased ADH being secreted so it will inhibit urine formation |
| ADH | anti diuretic hormone |
| ADH | conserves water resulting in a decreased volume of urine, protects against dehydration. ADH affects the distal convoluted tubule |
| diuretics | meds that increase urinary output |
| alcohol and caffeine | cause increased urinary output, cause vasodilation |
| ureter | moves urine drop by drop to the bladder by peristalsis, gravity and by hydrostatic pressure |
| renal calculus | kidney stone |
| bladder | hollow muscular sac |
| detrussor muscle | in the muscle layer of the bladder |
| bladder | distends when filling with urine, it is a reservoir for urine |
| bladder | has transitional epithelium |
| urethra | a passageway for urine |
| urethra | has an internal involuntary sphincter and an external voluntary sphincter |
| males urethra | about 8 inches long |
| female urethra | about 1 and a half inches long |
| urethra | opens to the outside of the body |
| micturition | urination |
| urochrome | pigment that colors urine |
| specific gravity | ratio of the density of urine compared to the density of water |
| 1.000 | the density of water |
| normal products of urine | urea, uric acid, traces of amino acids, variety of e'lytes, creatinine |
| abnormal products of urine | glucose, protein, blood, ketones, various blood cells, casts |
| when do u get the desire to void? | when bladder has about 120 ml of urine in it |
| 500ml | amount of urine the bladder can hold |
| what does the internal sphincter muscle need to do for urination to occur? | relax |
| glomerular filtration | the movement of materials under pressure from the blood into the bowman's capsule |
| glomerular filtrate | the fluid that enters the bowman's capsule |
| ADH | a hormone released from the posterior pituitary gland |
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