World War 2
About this set
Created by:
Tashaballer33 on March 1, 2010
Subjects:
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
98 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 No control over major conflicts, No progress in disarmament, No effective military force | Why is the League of Nations weak? |
| Kellog - Briand Pact | Promised to never make war and settle disputes by peaceful means (outlaw war), Signed in Paris- 1928 and US ratified 1929, Didn't mention Civil War or defensive war |
| Stimson Doctrine | US wouldn't recognize any territorial gains made by force |
| Imperialize (land & resources), raised generation to fight and think Asian is the "master race", militaristic schools taught boys to be bad & brave warriors "us or them", Build up the Japanese Navy | What did Japan do to survive? |
| Rape of Nanking (1937-38) | Japan invaded Manchuria (China) and took over its oil and coal deposits, Hirohito lifted all constraints of international law, Many women raped & many people murdered & 1/3 city burned down |
| Panay | American River boat built to patrol the Yangtze R. in China, near Nanking |
| Panay Incident (Dec. 12, 1937) | Japan invaded Manchuria and Panay had just evacuated Americans from Nanking, Japanese aircraft attacked Panay w/ two bombs and machine gun fire, Japan took full responsibility for attack & compensated US, claim it was unintentional. "Prelude to Pearl Harbor" |
| Hitler | Born in Aus.- Hun. in 1889, a great speaker who rose to the top of the Nazi Party, father was very violent w/ him and his mother, developed obsession w/ women, moves to Germany and when WW1 begins joins Germany army & become obssesed w/ military , Blamed govt. for accepting the "Treaty of Versailes" |
| Beer Hall (Munich) Putsch, 1923 | Site of Nazi Party meetings, Hitler encouraged a group to march of the Munich city council and take them hostage, Fight broke out between Hitler's SA troops and police and later Hitler was arrested due to treason |
| Mein Kampf (1925) - ("my stuggle") | While in prison Hitler wrote autobio/philosophy novel that outlined plans for new German state including conquering new territory (the Third Reich), a military build up (jobs), and anti-semitism (hatred of Jews). Book made Hitler a national hero. Racist "master race" ideology. |
| Reichstag Fire (1933) | Hitler appoint Chancellor (VP), after appointed the German legislature buliding set on fire and he convince Germans that it was a communist plot to take over the country. Hitler convinced Pres. Hindenburg to issue this decree to supspend civil liberties until futher notice. |
| Lebensraum | Hitler wrote in Mein Kempf that the German race needed living space. Idea was to conquer Poland, Russia, & other Salvic nations. |
| Facism | Created by Mussolini who opposed social classes, the belief that the state is more important than the individual. Strong centralized govt. headed by a dictator w/ absolute power, leader rules at the expense of human/civil rights. |
| Nazi Party (Nationalist Socilaist German Worker's Party) | Very militaristic and nationalistic, the major goal was to right the wrongs done to Germany by the Treaty of Versailes. |
| Swastiki | Symbol of the Nazi Party |
| Anti-Communist | Don't want masses to control production, Nazi party |
| Hitler's two private armies | SA - brown shirts (storm troopers) / SS - black shirts (protectors) |
| Joseph Goebbels | Propaganda Minister, established new German culture by using mass media (radio, press, cinema, theater) |
| Heinrich Himmler | 1929 - Head of SS (300 men), controlled Gestapo, operated the death camps |
| Imperialize | Whatt did Italy want to do? Italy wanted to create a "New Roman Empire" and make the Meditarranean an "Itailan Lake." the Italian army took countries in Africa (Libya, Somalia, Ethiopia). Italy criticized for using chemical weapons. |
| Spanish Civil War (1936 - 1939) | Served as "dress rehearsal " for Hitler's army. War broke out between Republicans (capalisitc democrats - good guys) and Nationalists (rebels led by Gen. Franco). Hitler and Mussolini both dispated troops to aid France, helping him become Spain dictator. France remained neutral during WW2. |
| Abraham Lincoln Brigade | American volunteery troops who served in the Spanish Civil War and fought against Franco. |
| Pact of Steel | Germany and Italy promised full military support to each other. Start of the Axis Powers (Japan and alliances) |
| Rhineland (1936) | Hitler's first land acquisition. German troops march west to this place. Hilter violated both laws and odered Geman troops to this place. |
| Locarno Pact | After WW1, the Rhineland was demilitirized and controlled by League of Nations. |
| 1) Gain valuable coal mines in the area and 2) to test France and Britain | Purpose of German troops invadind Rhineland |
| Appeasment | The practice of giving in to aggression in order to avoid war. Britain and France, both w/ superior militaries at this time, chose not to attack Germany. Could have prevented WW2. |
| Anschluss | Union of Austria and Germany. Once Austrian Nazi Party took control, Hitler annexed(took) Austria into Germany |
| Sudetenland | An area in western Czechoslovakia that was annexed by Hitler b/c of all the Germans there. Hitler claimed the Germans were mistreated as a pretext for "saving" them. |
| Munich Pact | Hitler (Germany) signed ____ with Britian and France which gave Germny Sudetneland and accepting demands to avoid conflict - appeasment (Between Germany, France, & Britain) |
| Appeasement & Munich Pact | France and GB promised Czech to protect them from German takeover. PM Chamberlin told Munich that the Brits promised Hitler to stop land acquistions. |
| Czechoslavakia | Hitler claimed Sudentenland and exposed Germany to threats from east. Germany annexed all of Czechoslavakia. |
| Non-Agression Pact | Hitler and Stalin signed 1939 agreement which agreed not to wage war on each other and split nations. ( Between Poland & Czechoslavakia) |
| Germany had eyes on Polish corridor and Port City of Danzig, removed threat of a possible two-front war w/ Great Britain/France and Russia, lots of Jews to kill | Why did Hilter have interest in Poland? |
| So his army would be the strongest and most experienced when he gets to Britian and France and toe unify Germany | Why did Hitler go in a clockwise position during his invasions? |
| (Sept. 1939), Germany and Russia invaded Poland. Poland fell in 25 days and as a result Poland's allies declared war on Germany. | What was the official start of WW2? |
| Blitzrieg | (Air, Army, Infantry). Means "lighting war", Begins w/ dive bomber attacks (Stuka), Mechanized panzor divisions (Armored- tanks), Followed by infantry units, perfected by Spain CW - dress rehearsal |
| Tripartite Pact (Sept. 1940) | Axis Power alliance is officially formed (Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis) |
| Denmark | Taken because of springboard to Norway and hav several sea ports. Hitler took this country in 2 hours, and thic country sank their own ships and moved thier army to Sweden |
| Norway | Taken because also had many sea ports and was a way to get valuable iron ore to Sweden |
| Maginot Line | A series of concrete underground bunkers on French-German border between Lux. and Switz., Hitler went around these. |
| Netherlands, Belgium, & Lux. | 3 nations fell in four days. Germany invaded them to avoid the Maginot Line. |
| Phoney War (Sitzrieg) | French sat on Maginot Line and waited for German invasion. Germans sat on Siegfried. Went on for months while Nazi Army took over Europe. While, German armies invaded and conquered Denmanrk, Norway, Netherlands, Blegium, & Lux. |
| Fall of France | Maginot Line didn't extend to English Channel. Invading German army swung aroung north og line via Belgium (again), pinned GB army aginst English Channel, Hitler took Paris |
| Dunkirk | A city in northern France where the Nazi army trapped the British army (w/ French and Canadian troops) on the English Channel. |
| Operation Dynamo | Nazis trapped the British Army at Dunkirk w/ thier backs to the English Channel and the mosquito navy saved most of the army (750,000) using anything that floats |
| Vichy France | Germany occupied northern France and took Paris in 1940. French PM moved govt. to nothern Africa, but Vice Premier (Marshal J. Petain) opposed this plan. Instead he signed an armistice w/ Hitler which gave Germany 3/5 of France & Atlantic Coast. A puppet, underground govt. was set up in France unde Petain, French govt. in exile (resictane) headed by Charles de Gaullle. |
| Provisions of armisitice | France had to surrender its Jews, disband its army, promise its citizens that it ouldn't attack occupying Germn army, france responsible for living coast of German troops |
| Operation Sea Lion | Codename of Battle of Britain (London) |
| Battle of Britain | Churchill new Britain PM, Hitler needed to destroy RAF before invasion, (battle fought in air,) German losses were gret so Hitler suspended operation, Turning point in war (Hitler's first loss), Britiain is going to fight back |
| Royal Air Force | the airforce of Great Britain |
| Churchill | leader of Britain, nickname "Bulldog" |
| Nye Commitee | Investigated reasons fro U.S. involvment in the war and concluded it was b/c corporations (banking & munitions) made lots of money durning the war. Caused isolationism to skyrocket and series of neutraility acts (no guns & no money) |
| FDR's Quaratine Speech | US isolated itself from the world, he said demoratic nations should unite and isolate agressor nations. Trying to keep us out of depression. Speech given in response to Italy's invasion of Ethiopia & Japan's invasion of China. |
| Cash-n-Carry Policy (1939) | Revise neutraility acts, now allowed the sale of war materials to belligerant(hostile) nations as long recipents transported the arms and paid cash on the spot. |
| Aryan | blonde-haired, blue-eyed ideal human (master race) |
| Semite | Someone of Arabian, West Asian, or North African descent |
| Anti-Semitism | hatred towards Jews as a religious, ethic, or racial group |
| Nuremburg Laws (1935) | "protection law of german blood and honor", Jews wereprohibited from marrying Germans, expelled Jews from schools and denied them from medical care, non-germans stripped of citizenship, war memorial stripped jewish names, no lottery, can't display their flag |
| Aryanizing and renaming | Jews over 6 had to wear star of David on clothing, all passports had letter "J" on them, Males middle names "Israel" & female "Sarah", (for identification purposes) |
| Kristallnacht | 17 year old Jew refugee killed a German diplomat in Paris, German response (night of Broken glass), Nazis burned down synagogues, jewish homes, and jew businesses. Many killed or thrown into camps |
| Jew Refugee Escape | 1933-1937 : many jews fled Germany and came to U.S. , FDR turned many away due to great depression, Einstein urged FDRto began building a nuclear fission bomb |
| Einsatzgruppen | Formed by Himmler (SS), special killing units assigned to round up Jews, Russians, Gypsies and shot them. 1 mil. murderd; othes put in ghettos to starve or die from disease |
| Genocide | Methodic killing of a specific group of people; methods didn't kill fast enough |
| Final Solution | How to kill alot w/ no mess to clean; take away emotional attachment (exterminate all Jews) |
| Holocaust (Shoah) | Germans set up 6 death camps in Poland. Several gas chambers and used as human experiments. Not fit to work put to death first, before killed their heads were shved to fill mattresses & gold taken from mouth. Gas pellets used known as Zyklon B: cyanide based insectide gas |
| War Refugee Board | Jan 1944, FDR to rescue civilan victims of Nazi appresion. Saving @ least 200,000; Sec. of Treas. Henry Morenth |
| Nuremburg Trails | 1945-1949: prominent Nazis were tried four war crimes; can't just say following orders; 1st international court of Justice |
| FDR wins 3rd term | Issue depression and war; FDR promised no foreign war, only experience for Nazi Party. Republican Candidate: Wendell Willkie |
| Lend-Lease Act | U.S. supplied allied nations with over $50 bill. war material, paid fro what you used and returned rest, In return recieved 99- yr leases on naval bases; created jobs & more ppl. had money |
| Atlantic Charter (Aug. 1941) | Signed by Churchill & FDR on warship Newfoundland; allies now: not territorial gain, freedom of sea, self- determanation, bases for United Nations |
| War Production Board | Conversion of peace time factories; government agency that decided which companies would make war materials and how to distribute raw materials |
| Finacing the war | Most war costs paid for through higher taxes, more ppl. paying income tax, money raised by selling war bonds |
| Life at home | Clothes w/ zippers, women stopped wearing nylons, no 3-piece suits/cuffs, women's clothes shorter/narrower, blackouts |
| Blackouts | Saved power and good practice for potential bomb raids |
| rationing | Food worth points, allowed amount of points/month; many ppl. planted gardens, carpooled, drove slower; recycling scrap metal became very popular |
| European Campaigns | 1) Russia, 2) Africa, 3) Italy, 4) Normady, 5) Berlin |
| Operation Borbarossa | Codename of Russia invasion |
| Russia invasion (1941) | Hitler's greatest mistake, violated non-agression pact, opened up eastern front, cold weather was best allie b/c Germans were getting frost bitten |
| Attack Germans/Itailans in North africa, were they were the weakest, Give allies naval control of Med. Sea. | Phase 1 of plan to liberate Europe |
| Invade Italy (soft underbelly) of Europe by Churchill | Phase 2 of plan to liberate Europe |
| Invade northern France and drive Germans out, Stalin said this should be phase 1 | Phase 3 of plan to liberate Europe |
| Africa: Battle of El Alamein | German FM Rommel (Desert Fox) invade northern Africa. Goal: push toward Egypt,Cairo,across Suez canal and into oil field of the Middle East, Rommel met by Brit FM Montgomery. Rommel had to go back to Germnay b/c of unsanitary conditions, Montgomery had tanks converted to look like supply trucks |
| Montgomery pushed Rommel to tunisia and forced him off the continent to Sicily | Mistake at El Alamein |
| El Alamein | Egypt/ Libya border, germans had unsanitary conditions and low food supply (weakness) |
| Battle of Kasserine Pass | Eisenhower & Patton invaded West Africa and helped sandwich Rommel (Morocco & Algeria) |
| Symbol | Codename of Casablanca Conference |
| Casablanca Conference | Meeting between FDR and Churchill in Jan 1943; accept only unconditional surrender of Axis Powers, decided to invade Sicily and Italy before France |
| Italian Campaign (1943-45) | Begin w/ operation Husky led by Patton, Allie dinvasion of Sicily (salerno), Italians surrended upon allied invasion, Italin peninsula was deadly b/c of mts. and rivers |
| Gustav Line | Allies bogged down south of Rome |
| Anzio Landing | (Operation Shingle), Rome liberated June 4, 1944, Italy campaign very costly but kept Germans away from Normady France |
| Tehran (Iran) Conference: Dec. 1943 | (Codename - Eureka), first time "Big Three" met; FDR & Churchill promised Stalin to invade France; Stalin promised to declare war on Japan after Germany was defeated, UN discussed more |
| Operation Overload | Codename of D-day |
| Normady Invasion (1944) | June 6th: day b/c of clear weather reports, Bigot (officer clearance), Tiger (dress rehearsal for d-day), Hitler ordered Rommel to create Atlantic wall (series of gun bunkers and mines) to prepare for invasion, Hitler said invasion would be at Calais (most narrow part of English Channel) and at high tide. |
| Operation Fortitude | Gen Patton sat in English across from Calais w/ a fake army, Germans scared thought attack would come from narrow part of channel, (thunder/lightening & crickets = friendly territory) |
| Ardennes Offensive: Battle of Bulge | Dec 1944-1945; Hitler sent troops across Allie front; from S. Belgium to Lux., germans created deadly bulge, germans gave up b/c of fuel shortage, US and Brits destroyed oil refineries in german territory |
| Yalta Conferance (Feb. 1945) | (codename - Argonaut), Germany split into 4 occupied zones, Germany demilitarized and the Nazi Party outlawed, SU allowed to keep control ove Poland -communist, all vowed to hunt down Nazi crimanals, Stalin agreed to war vs. Japan, Russia takes East |
| V-E Day: May 8, 1945 | UN; created April 25, 1945 in CA, World HQ in NYC, confederacy (weakness), works w/ international law & security, world peace, economic development and social progress |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.