science (earths interior)
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 geology | study of the planet earth |
| what are the two types of forces that change the earths surface? | constructive and desrtructive |
| constructive forces | shapes the earths surface by building mountains, valleys, islands etc... |
| desructive forces | shape the earths surfaceby slowly wearing down landmasses on the earths surface. |
| what do geologists rely on since they cannot observe the earths interior? | they rely on other methods of observations. |
| what would you have to withstand to travel to the center of the earth? | a range of temperature and extreme pressure |
| what is the crust? | a layer of rock that forms the earths surface, made of granite and basalt,and its 5-40 km. thick. |
| what is the mantle? | Directly below the crust and is made of hot rocks ,and has two different layers, the lithospere and the athenospere. |
| what is the lithosphere? | the uppermost part of the mantle. |
| what is the athenosphere? | the lowermost part of the mantle. a soft layer that may bend like plastic and flow very slowly. |
| what is the core? | the core consists of two parts, liquid outer core and a solid inner core. |
| how did Columbus change the way we think? | he made accurate maps. |
| who is alfred Wegner? | A german scientist who made a hypothosis that at one time all the continents (land masses) were once joined together and then they seperated to where they are today. this supercontinent was caled Pangea. |
| wegners idea that the continents drifted apart was called what? | continental drift |
| what evidence is there of continental drift? | landforms,fossils,climate |
| what evidence for continental drift is there from landforms? | coal fields in europe and north america |
| what evidence for continental drift is there from fossils? | messosaures: found in places now seperated by oceans |
| what evidence for continental drift is there from climate? | deep scatches found in rocks in africa from glaciers. |
| what is the mid-oceanic ridge? | the longest chain of mountains on earth. the ridge curves like a seam on a baseball into all the earths surfaces. |
| who is harry hess? | proposed the idea that ocean floors move like a conveyor belt carrying the continents along with them. |
| what is sea floor spreading? | the process off continual sea floor renewal. |
| what is some evidence of sea floor spreading? | molten material, magnetic stripes, drilling samples |
| what is some evidence from molten material? | found strange rocks that look like pillows or rocks that look like they have been squeezed from a tube. |
| what is some evidence from magnetic stripes? | these rocks contained iron wich oriented themselves according to where magnetic north pole was located |
| what is some evidence from drilling samples? | scientist through samples determine the age of the rock and the youngest rocks were always at the center of the ridge. |
| what is a deep ocean trench? | there near the m.o.r. and it forms where the trench bends downward. |
| what is subduction? | the process by which the ocean floor sink beneath a deep ocean trench back into the mantle. |
| what are plate tectonics? | the geological theory that states that peices of the earths lithosphereare in constant motion. |
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