test 3 cadio system diagnostic terms
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22 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 acute coronary syndrome (ACS) | signs and symptoms indicating an active process of atherosclerotic plaque buildup or formation of a thrombus, or spasm within a coronary artery, causing a reduction or loss of blood flow to myocardial tissue.... |
| arrhythmia | any of several kinds of irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat |
| dysrhythmia (bradycardia) | slow heart rate (less than 60 beats/min) |
| premature ventricular contraction (PVC) | a ventricular contraction preceding the normal impulse initiated by the SA node |
| bacterial endocarditis | a bacterial inflammation that affects the endocardium or the heart valves |
| cardiac temponade | compression of the heart produced by the accumulation of the fluid in the pericardial sac, as results from paricarditis or trauma, causing rupture of blood vessel within the heart (tampon= a plug) |
| cardiomyopathy | a general term of disease of the heart muscle, such as alcoholic cardiomyopathy (caused by excessive consumption of alcohol) |
| congenital anomaly of the heart, | malformations of the heart that are present at birth |
| atrial septal defect (ASD) | an opening in the septum separating the atria |
| coarctation of the aorta | narrowing for the descending portion of the aorta, resulting in a limited flow of blood to the lower part of the body |
| patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) | an abnormal opening between thepulmonary artery and the aorta caused by failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to close after birth |
| ventricular septal defect (VSD) | an opening in the septum separating the ventricles |
| congestive heart failure (CHF) | failure of the left ventricle to pump an adequte amount of blood to meet the demands of the body, resulting in a bottleneck of congestion in the lungs that may extend to the veins, causing edema in lower portions of the body |
| cor pulmonale | enlargement of the right ventricle. resulting from chronic disease within the lungs, that causes congestion within the pulmonary circulation and resistance of blood flow to the lungs |
| coronary artery disease (CAD) | a condition affecting arteries of the heat that reduces the flow of fleed and the delivery of oxygen and nutrients tot he myocardium; most often caused by atherosclerosis |
| hypertension (HTN) (essential, primary, secondary) | persistently high blood pressure. (smoking, obeasity/ hereditary factors/caused by another disease i.e. kidney disease) |
| mitral valve prolapse (MVP) | protrusion of one or both cusps of the mitral valve back into the left atrium during ventricular contraction, resulting in incomplete closure and back flow of blood |
| myocardial infarction (MI) | heart attack; death of myocardial tissue caused by ischemia as a result of an occlusion of a coronary artery; usually caused by atheroscleosis; symptoms include pain in the chest or upper body, shortness of breath, diaphoresis, and nausea |
| myocarditis | inflammation of myocardium; most often caused by viral or bacterial infection |
| pericarditis | inflammation of the pericardium |
| rheumatic heart disease | damage to heart muscle and heart valves by rheumatic fever |
| sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) | the abrupt cessation of any cardiac output, most commonly as the result of ventricular fibrillation; cases sudden death unless defibrillation is initiated immediately |
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