Special Senses: Hearing and Equilibrium
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Created by:
AmyTran on March 3, 2010
Subjects:
anatomy, anatomy and physiology
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54 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 auricle, external auditory canal, tympanic membrane | the three parts of the external ear |
| auditory ossicles, auditory tubes | structures of the middle ear |
| malleus, incus, stapes | the auditory ossicles are made of these three structures |
| labyrinth, oval window, round window | the parts of the internal ear |
| auricle | outer, funnel-shaped structure |
| external auditory meatus | s-shaped canal about 2.5 in long |
| collect sound waves | the function of the auricle |
| tympanic membrane | the eardrum; skin covered membrane |
| transmit vibrations, amplify sound | the functions of the auditory ossicles |
| malleus | attached to the eardrum; vibrates when the eardrum does |
| incus | passes vibrations from the malleus to the stapes |
| stapes | acts like a piston in the oval window transmitting vibrations to fluid in the inner ear |
| hearing receptor | what does the fluid stimulate? |
| auditory tube | this connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx to help maintain equal air pressure on both sides of the eardrum |
| popping sound | what sound do the ear drums make that equalizes the pressure on both sides of the eardrum? |
| auditory tube | region where ear infections occur |
| round window | oping of inner ear into middle ear |
| round window | covered by the second tympanic membrane |
| tensor tympani muscle, stapedius muscle | attached to the ossicles, help dampen large vibrations of stapes, protect oval window |
| labyrinth | the inner ear is made up of a complex system of communicating chambers called ___________. |
| perilymph | found between the two kinds of labyrinth |
| membranous, osseous | the two types of labyrinth |
| perilymph | an extracellular fluid located within the cochlea |
| sodium | the major cation of perilymph |
| electromagnetic impulses | the perilymph and endolymph function in regulating what? |
| endolymph | this is located inside the membranous labyrinth |
| semicircular canals | these structures provide a sense of equilibrium |
| cochlea | contains a bony core and thin bony shelves |
| scala vestibuli | is a chamber in the bony labyrinth above the cochlear duct, opens to the oval window |
| scala tympani | is a chamber below the cochlear duct, opens to the round window |
| perilymph | what are both the scala vestibuli and scala tympani filled with? |
| vestibular membrane | this separates the cochlear duct from the scala vestibuli |
| basilar membrane | separates the cochlear duct from the scala tympani |
| cochlear duct | is a chamber in the membranous laybrinth which contains hearing receptors |
| endolymph | what is the cochlear duct filled with? |
| spiral organ | organ of hearing, rests on the basilar membrane inside of the cochlear duct |
| stereocilia | hair cells which contract the tectorial membrane |
| external auditory meatus | the auricle directs sound waves into this |
| eardrum | sound waves strike this, causing it to vibrate |
| intensity, frequency | distance the eardrum moves depends on these two factors |
| stapes | the auditory ossicles amplify and transmit the vibrations to this |
| fulid pressure waves | movement of stapes at the oval window sets up ________ _______ ________ in the perilymph of cochlea |
| scala vestibuli, scala tympani | pressure waves are transmitted from the _____________ to the ______________ |
| temporal lobe | the auditory cortex is found where? |
| 20-20,000 | the range of sound frequencies normal hearing can detect |
| static, dynamic | the two types of equilibrium |
| static | type of equilibrium that helps maintain the position of the head when the head and body are still |
| dynamic | type of equilibrium that helps maintain balance when the head and body suddenly move and rotate |
| macula | a tiny structure consisting of hair cells and supporting cells that lies inside the utricle and saccule |
| otoliths | grains of calcium carbonate |
| vestibular branch | which part of the vestibulocochlear nerve is involved in equilibrium? |
| cristae ampullaris | the organs of dynamic equilibrium |
| cupula | hair cells of dynamic equilibrium extend into a dome shaped gelatinous structure called ___________ |
| mechanoreceptors | these are associated with joints to maintain equilibrium |
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