Unit Test (10, 11, 12)
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 gene pool | combined alleles of all the individuals in a population |
| genetic drift | changes in allele frequencies that are die to chance |
| adaptive radiation | rapid evolution of many diverse species from ancestral species |
| coevolution | the process in which two or more species evolve in response to changes in each other |
| punctuated equilibrium | states that episodes of speciation occur suddenly in geologic time and are followed by long periods of little evolutionary change |
| gene flow | movement of alleles from one population to another |
| index fossils | fossils of organisms that existed only during specific spans of time over large geographic areas |
| recombination | new allele combinations from an offspring |
| allele frequency | a measure of how common a certain allele is in the population |
| half-life | is the amount of time it takes for half of the isotope in a sample to decay into a different element, or its product isotope |
| stabilizing selection | occurs when intermediate phenotypes are favored by natural selection |
| convergent evolution | evolution toward a similar characteristics in unrelated species |
| reproductive isolation | occurs when members of different populations can no longer mate successfully with one another |
| sexual selection | occurs when certain traits increase mating success |
| founder effect | genetic drift that occurs after a small number of individuals colonize a new area |
| temporal isolation | exists when timing prevents reproduction between populations |
| permineralization | occurs when minerals carries by water are deposited around a hard structure |
| radiometric dating | technique that uses the natural decay rate of unstable isotopes found in materials in order to calculate the age of that material |
| bottleneck effect | genetic drift that occurs after an event greatly reduces the size of a population |
| uniformitarianism | proposes that present geologic processes are the key to the past |
| descent with modification | species with adaptations that are well suited for survival and reproduction in an environment |
| homologous structures | are features that are similar in structure but appear in different organisms and have different functions |
| analogous structures | are structures that perform a similar function but are not similar in origin |
| vestigial structures | are remnants of organs or structures that had a function in an early ancestor |
| 5 factors that can lead to evolution | genetic drift, gene flow, mutation, sexual selection, natural selection |
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