| Term | Definition |
| Biomass | A measure of the mass of organisms within a region divided by the area of that region (314) |
| Ecological pyramid | A diagram that shows the biomass of organisms at each trophic level (314) |
| Ecology | The study of relationships among organisms in ecosystems (310) |
| Ecosystem | An association of living organisms and their physical environment (309) |
| Greenhouse effect | The process by which certain gases (principally water, carbon dioxide, and methane) trap heat that would otherwise escape the earth and radiate into space (318) |
| Primary consumer | An organism that eats producers (311) |
| Secondary consumer | An organism that eats primary consumers (312) |
| Tertiary (ter' she air ee) consumer | An organism that eats secondary consumers (312) |
| Transpiration (tran spuh ray' shun) | Evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant (323) |
| Watershed | An ecosystem where all water runoff drains into a single river or stream (323) |