| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Amebocytes (uh mee' buh sites) | Cells in a sponge that perform digestion and transport functions |
| Anterior end | The end of an animal that contains its head |
| Bilateral (bye lafuh ruhl) symmetry | An organism possesses bilateral symmetry if it can only be cut into two identical halves by a single longitudinal cut along its center which divides it into right and left halves. |
| Bivalve | An organism with two shells |
| Circulatory system | A system designed to transport food and other necessary substances throughout a creature's body |
| Collar cells | Flagellated cells that pump water into a sponge |
| Epidermis (epuh dur' miss) | An outer layer of cells designed to provide protection |
| Epithelium (ep ih thee' lee uhm) | Animal tissue consisting of one or more layers of cells that have only one free surface, because the other surface adheres to a membrane or other substance |
| Foot | A muscular organ that is used for locomotion and takes a variety of forms depending on the animal |
| Ganglia (gan' glee uh) | Masses of nerve cell bodies |
| Gemmule (j'em' yool) | A cluster of cells encased in a hard, spicule-reinforced shell |
| Hermaphroditic | Possessing both the male and the female reproductive organs |
| Invertebrates (in vur' tub brates) | Animals that lack a backbone |
| Mantle | A sheath of tissue that encloses the vital organs of a mollusk, makes the mollusk's shell, and performs respiration |
| Medusa | A free-swimming cnidarian with a bell-shaped body and tentacles |
| Mesenchyme (mes' uhn kime) | The jelly-like substance that separates the epidermis from the inner cells in a sponge |
| Mesoglea (mez uh glee' uh) | The jelly-like substance that separates the epithelial cells in a cnidarian |
| Nematocysts (nih mat' uh sists) | Small capsules that contain a toxin which is injected into prey or predators |
| Nervous system | A system of sensitive cells that respond to stimuli such as sound, touch, and taste |
| Ovaries (oh'vuh reez) | The organ that produces eggs |
| Polyp | A sessile, tubular cnidarian with a mouth and tentacles at one end and a basal disk at the other |
| Posterior end | The end of an animal that contains the tail (353) |
| Radial symmetry | An organism possesses radial symmetry if it can be cut into two identical halves by any longitudinal cut through its center. |
| Radula | An organ covered with teeth that mollusks use to scrape food into their mouths |
| Regeneration | The ability to re-grow a missing part of the body |
| Shell | A tough, multilayered structure secreted by the mantle. It is usually used for protection, but sometimes for body support |
| Spherical symmetry | An organism possesses spherical symmetry if it can be cut into two identical halves by any cut that runs through the organism's center. |
| Testes (test' ez) | The organ that produces sperm |
| Univalve | An organism with a single shell |
| Vertebrates (vur' tub brates) | Animals that possess a backbone |
| Visceral (vis' ur ul) hump | A hump that contains a mollusk's heart, digestive, and excretory organs |
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