Chapter 6 biology vocab (Mrs. Sullivan)
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 cell plate | part of a plant cell that divides it during mitosis |
| monosomy | a disorder in which there is one missing chromosome |
| nondisjunction | when homologous chromosomes fail to separate |
| prophase | the first stage of mitosis where the nuclear envolope breaks down and chromosomes become visible |
| metaphase | second phase of mitosis where the chromosomes line up along the equator. |
| anaphase | the third phase of mitosis where the chromosomes separate to the opposite poles of the cell. |
| telophase | the final stage of mitosis where a nuclear membrane surrounds the new chromosomes |
| somatic cell | a body cell |
| gamete | sex cell (sperm or ovum) |
| trisomy | having an extra chromosome |
| interphase | the part of the cell cycle where it carries out its normal functions until division |
| karyotype | a diagram of pictures and arrangement of a cell's chromosomes |
| mitosis | the division of a cell's nucleus |
| sex chromosome | a chromosome determining sex. can be Y or X. |
| autosome | non-sex chromosomes |
| zygote | fertalized egg |
| haploid | a cell with only 1 set of chromosomes |
| diploid | a cell containing 2 haploid sets |
| homologous chromosomes | copies of each autosome in a cell |
| cell cycle | the cycle of growth and division in a cell's life |
| centromere | where chromatids connect to chromosomes |
| binary fission | when a prokaryote divides |
| chromosome | thread composed of genes |
| gene | codes for certain traits |
| chromatids | one of two rods on a chromosome |
| cytokinesis | when cytoplasm divides during cell reproduction. takes place after mitosis. |
| spindle fiber | assists in the movement of chromosomes during mitosis |
| cancer | disease of uncontrolled cell growth |
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