PT Chapter 8-Parenterals
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uveasey Plus on March 5, 2010
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67 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Large Volume Parenteral(LVP) | Solutions are typically bags or bottles containing larger volumes of intravenous solutions. |
| LVP Solution Uses | Correction of electrolyte and fluid balance disturbances, nutrition and vehicles for administering other drugs |
| Small Volume Parenteral(SVP) | ? Are contained in ampules, piggyback bags, prefilled syringes and vials |
| Small Volume Parenteral(SVP) | Contents are withdrawn by syringe and can be added to a LVP solution or injected directly into the patient |
| Aseptic Techniques | Techniques that maintain sterile conditions and prevent contamination. |
| Pyrogens | Are chemicals that are produced by microorganisms. They are soluble in water and are not removed by sterilizing or filtering the solution. Can cause pyrectic(fever) reactions. |
| Osmotic Pressure | The characteristic of a solution determined by the number of dissolved particles in it. |
| Osmolarity | Unit of measure of osmotic pressure |
| Isotonic | When a solution has an osmolarity equivalent to that of blood |
| Hypertonic | Intravenous solutions that have greater osmolarity than blood. |
| Hypotonic | Intravenous solutions that have lower osmolarity than blood. |
| Large Volume Parenteral(LVP) | Intravenous solutions packaged in containers holding 100ml or more. |
| Small Volume Parenteral(SVP) | Packaged products that are either directly administered to a patient or added to another parenteral formulation. |
| Additive | A drug that is added to a parenteral solution |
| Admixture | The resulting solution when a drug is added to a parenteral solution. |
| Ampules | Elongated sealed glass containers with a neck that must be snapped off. |
| Lyophilized | Freeze-dried |
| Diluent | A solvent that dissolves a lypholized powder or dilutes a solution. |
| Infusion | The slow continuous introduction of a solution into the blood stream. |
| Flow Rate | The rate(in ml/hour or ml/minute) at which the solution is administered to the patient. |
| Heparin Lock | An injection device used when a primary LVP solution is not available. |
| Basic parts of a syringe | Barrel, Plunger and Tip |
| Syringe Tips | Slip-Tip, Luer-Lok, Eccentric, Oral |
| Hub | The part of the needle that attaches to the syringe |
| Shaft | The stem of the needle that provides the overall length of the needle |
| Bevel | An angled surface at the tip of a needle. |
| Gauge | A measurement; with needles, the higher the ?, the smaller the lumen. |
| Lumen | The hollow center of a needle. |
| Coring | When a needle damages the rubber closure of a parental container causing fragments of the closure to fall into the container and contaminate its contents |
| Depth Filter | A filter that can filter solutions being drawn into or expelled from a syringe, but not both ways in the same procedure. |
| Membrane Filter | A filter that filters solution as the solution is expelled from the syringe. |
| Final Filter | A filter that filters solution immediately before it enters a patients vein. |
| High Efficiency Particulate Air(HEPA)Filter | HEPA Filter |
| Laminar Flow | Continous movement at a uniform rate in one direction. |
| Sharps | Needles, jagged glass or metal objects, or any items that might puncture or cut the skin. |
| Total Parenteral Nutrition(TPN) Solution | Complex Solutions with two base solutions(amino acids and dextrose and additional micronutrients). |
| Total Nutrient Admixture(TNA) Solution | A TPN Solution that contains intravenous fat emulsion. |
| Peritoneal Dialysis Solution | A solution placed in and removed from the peritoneal cavity to remove toxic substances. |
| Irrigation Solution | Large volume splash solutions used during surgical or urologic procedures to bathe and moisten body tissues. |
| Osmosis | The action in which drug in a higher concentration solution passes through a permeable membrane to a lower concentration solution. |
| Dialysis | Movement of particles in a solution through permeable membranes. |
| Molecular Weight | The sum of the atomic weights of a molecule. |
| Waters of Hydration | Water Molecules that attach to drug molecules. |
| Anhydrous | Without water molecules |
| Ion | Molecular particles that carry electric charges |
| Equivalent Weight | A drug's molecular weight divided by its valence(molecular weight/valence), a common measure of electrolyte concentration. |
| Valence | The number of positive or negative charges on an ion. |
| osmule | molecular weight/# of ions |
| Solid:% | weight(gm)/100ml |
| Liquid:% | volume(ml)/100ml |
| Class 100 | Sterile products must be prepared in a clean room with a ? environment. |
| Disposable | ? needles should always be used when preparing admixtures as they are presterilized and individually wrapped to maintain sterility. |
| Molarity | ? is an expression of the number of moles of a drug in a volume of solution. |
| Mole | ? is the number of grams numerically equal to the molecular weight of the drug. |
| particle contamination,precipitation | Visual inspection of parenteral solutions against a brightly lit background can show the presence ? and ?. |
| 7.4 | The pH of an intravenous solution should be about ? |
| Glass | ? LVP solution bottles are used when drugs or solutions interact with plastic. |
| blood | Heparin is used in a heparin lock to keep ? from clotting in the device. |
| administration set | The basic method to administer a LVP solution is to use an ? |
| Positive pressure infusion devices(pumps) | generate a pressure that will cause fluid to flow through tubing into the patient's vascular system. |
| Positive Pressure Pumps | Peristaltic Pumps,Cassette Pumps,Syringe Pumps,Elastomeric Reservoirs |
| Slip-Tip, Luer-Lok | ? tips allow the needle to be held by friction and ? tips have a collar with grooves that lock the needle in place. |
| 50-100ml | Piggybacks usually contain ? of fluid and are infused over a period of 30-60 minutes. |
| .5% | If 500 mg of a drug are added to a 100mL IV bag, what is the percent strength of teh resulting solution? |
| 110.94 | What is the molecular weight of CaCl(2) if the atomic weight of Ca is 40.08 and the atomic weight of Cl is 35.43? |
| 1 | What is the valence of NaCl? |
| 29.2 | What is the weight of one osmole of NaCl? (molecular weight = 58.4) |
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