Crustaceans
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61 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Arthropoda | PHYLUM for lobsters, crabs, etc. |
| Crustacea | CLASS for lobsters, crabs, etc. |
| characterisics of arthropods | movable, jointed limbs, exoskeleton |
| chitin | substance that makes up the exoskeleton |
| cephalothorax, abdomen | two main segments of crustaceans |
| carapace | exoskeleton that covers the head and chest regions |
| decapods | ten legged animals |
| claws (first pair of legs) | in thorax, used for food getting |
| four other pairs of legs | in thorax, used for walking |
| swimmerets | under abdomen, used to glide in water |
| molting | method of growing in crustaceans; period of vulnerability b/c of soft body |
| releasing/regenerating appendage | adaptation for survival |
| one-way tract | digestive system in lobsters and crabs |
| gills | structure for breathing in lobsters and crabs |
| hemocyanin | lobster blood |
| copper | cause of blue colored blood |
| open | circulatory system in lobsters and crabs |
| lobster: nervous system | eyes on stalks, two antennae, brain, nerve cord |
| reproduction in lobsters and crabs | sexual: internal fertilization, external development, live as temporary plankton |
| successful adaptation | reason for crab diversity |
| fiddler crab: adaptation for tide change | high tide: hide in tunnels blocked by sand; low tide: scavenge for food |
| fiddler crab: determination of sex | male: one large, one small claw; female: two small claws |
| mole crab: habitat | surf zone |
| mole crab: adaptation for survival in surf zone | streamlined body, swimmerets, featherlike antennae |
| hermit crab: habitat | shells that are changed as it grows |
| spider crab | slow crawling; organisms grow on its carapace |
| giant spider crab | biggest crab in the ocean (up to 4 meters) |
| crab: determination of sex | U = female; V = male |
| crab:nervous system | two eyes, antennae, nerve cord |
| gulf shrimp | used in seafood industry |
| cleaning shrimp | has symbiotic relationship with fish: eats parasites from skin of reef fish |
| mantis shrimp | largest of all shrimp; spears prey w/front appendages |
| copepod | eats diatoms; bulk of the base of oceanic food chain |
| krill | cold-water relative of copepod; more than 10 legs; planktonic animal that is principal food source for filter feeding animals |
| scud | found under rocks or debris in intertidal zone |
| beach flea | found under moist seaweed along strandline; seaweed used for food AND shelter |
| amphipods | scud and beach flea; have flattened sides |
| sea roach | swim and crawl in coastal waters among seaweed; active at night and hides during day |
| isopods | flattened bodies (top and bottom) and seven pairs of legs |
| barnacle: habitat | w/in calcium carbonate plates attached to ship hulls or whale skin |
| barnacle: effect | slows down ships and whales; adds weight, increases friction |
| barnacle: feeding | high tide, barnacle opens shell and extends cirri to create current for filter feeding; one-way tract |
| barnacle: breathing | dissolved oxygen enters by movement of cirri |
| barnacle: adaptation for survival | open shell during high tide to feed; closes shell at low tide to prevent drying out |
| barnacle: reproduction | non-self-fertilizing hermaphrodites; internal fertilization, external development |
| gooseneck barnacles | live in clusters w/long stalks that bend w/current; comeptes with mussels for living space and food |
| horseshoe crab characteristics | lacks antennae and mouthparts; has six pairs of legs; not a true crab (five pairs of legs); |
| Merostomata | horshoe crab CLASS |
| horseshoe crab eyes | four pairs: two simple and two compound for better vision |
| horseshoe crab: determination of sex | first pair of appendages (claws) are shaped like boxing gloves |
| book gills | used by horseshoe crab to swim upside down and for breathing |
| horseshoe crab: blood | hemocyanin |
| telson | horseshoe crab's spiked tail used in locomotion and to flip itself over |
| horseshoe crab: reproduction | female carries male to land; male externally fertilizes eggs and cover eggs with sand; tide carries hatched eggs to see 2 weeks later |
| horseshoe crab: growth | 8 years to reach sexual maturity; molts |
| marine insects: characteristics | exoskeleton, jointed appendages, three pairs of legs, three segments, one set of antennae, one pair of eyes |
| marine insects: CLASS | Insecta |
| marine insects: three segments | head, thorax, abdomen |
| marsh mosquito | draws blood from host using proboscis |
| sand fly | biting marine insect; so small you are bitten without seeing it; can transmit fevers to people |
| marine insects: habitat | estuaries w/ slight wave impact; less saline and calmer waters allow for egg development |
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