| Term | Definition |
| Independent Assortment | gametes have different combinations of chromosomes |
| Crossing Over | Chromosomes in one gamete have a different combination of genes than chromosomes in another gamete |
| Fertilization | Combining of chromosomes form genetically different gametes occurs |
| Spermatogenesis | A continuous and prolific process |
| Oogenesis | Formation of the ovum (egg) |
| Diploid | Contain two complete sets of chromosomes and two complete sets of genes |
| Haploid | Has only one complete set of chromosomes and one complete set of genes |