Chapter 4
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Created by:
kchoyce2012 on March 7, 2010
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23 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 rock | any coherent, naturally occurring, substance generally composed of minerals |
| rock cycle | any rock type can become any other rock type |
| three rock types | igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic |
| common non-rocks | beach sand, molten lava, concrete |
| mineral | a substance that is naturally occurring, inorganic, has a definite chemical composition, is a crystalline |
| tools for the identification of minerals | hardness, luster, color, streak, cleavage, fracture, cleavage vs. crystal form, and other miscellaneous properties |
| hardness | measure of the resistance of a mineral to scratching (non breakage) |
| Mohs Hardness Scale | softness = 1 and hardness = 10 |
| hardness of a ceramic tile | between 5 and 6 |
| streak | the color of the powdery residue of a mineral left behind when it is dragged across an unglazed porcelain plate (hardness of porcelain plate = 6); streak is the same color regardless of the presence or absence of impurities on a mineral |
| color | streak provides the intrinsic color of a mineral; color is a poor identifier (sulfur is normally yellow and pyrite is normally brassy) |
| luster | the way a mineral reflects light |
| metallic | looks like a metal such as gold, silver, iron etc. |
| non-metallic | vitreous, pearly, resinous (glazed), earthy |
| cleavage | breakage of a mineral along a flat plane of weakness |
| fracture | uneven (non-planar) breakage |
| conchoidal fracture | obsidian or quartz; breaks along a surface marked by concentric circles |
| splintery fracture | like splinter in a wood |
| uneven | a catch-all term for non-diagnostic; non-planar breakage |
| crystal form | how a mineral grows; of a crystal grows out of an apparent flat cleavage face, the face isn't cleavage - it is crystal form |
| mineral classification: metals | combined with oxygen = oxide minerals; combined with sulfur = sulfide minerals; not combined with other elements = native (native gold, native copper, etc.) |
| mineral classification: silicates | Si is an important ingredient |
| ferromagnesian | (Fe and Mg); dark and dense |
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