Prologue: The Story Of Psychology
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BrianaRae93 on March 7, 2010
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Prologue of 8th edition AP PSYCH (David Myers)
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23 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Psychology | the scientific study of behavior and mental processes |
| Empiricism | the view that (a) knowledge comes from experience, and (b) science needs careful observation and experimentation. The combined ideas of John Locke and Francis Bacon. |
| Structuralism | an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the human mind. (Edward Bradford Titchener) |
| Functionalism | a school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish. (William James) |
| Humanistic Psychology | historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; emphasis on the need for love and acceptance. (Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow) |
| Cognitive Revolution | In the 1960's, Psychology transitions back to the study of mental processes and shys away from the study of strict behaviorism. |
| Cognitive Neuroscience | The study of the interaction of thought processes and brain function. |
| Nature vs Nurture debate | Genetics versus environment; which plays a bigger role in devoloping who we are? |
| Natural Selection | Survival of the fittest; traits that best allow survival and adaptation will get passed on and the weak traits will die off. (strong survive long enough to mate, weak die off so their traits don't get passed on.) (Charles Darwin) |
| Levels of Analysis | the differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon |
| Biopsychosocial Approach | an integrated perspective that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis. |
| Neuroscience Perspective | the perspective that studies how the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences. |
| Evolutionary Perspective | the perspective that studies how the natural selection of traits promotes ones genetics. |
| Behavior Genetics Perspective | the perspective that studies how much our genes and our environment influence our individual differences. |
| Psychodynamic Perspective | the perspective that studies how behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts. |
| Behavioral Perspective | the perspective that studies how we learn observable responses. |
| Cognitive Perspective | the perspective that studies how we encode, process, store, and retrieve information. |
| Social-Cultural Perspective | the perspective that studies how behavior and thinking patterns vary across different cultures. |
| Basic Research | pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base. |
| Applied Research | scientific study that aims to solve practical problems. |
| Counseling Psychologists | help people deal with everyday life problems; anxiety, low motivation, marital or family counseling. |
| Clinical Psychologists | Assess and treat mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders. |
| Psychiatrists | Medical doctors licensed to prescribe drugs/medication and otherwise treat physical causes of psychological disorders. |
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