Science: Genetics Test
About this set
Created by:
cheriesayz on February 26, 2008
Subjects:
february, 29, science, mr, raff, popham, seven, scarsdale, middle, school, genetics, test, dna
Description:
some of these come straight from the glossary in the textbook. i hope this helps
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18 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 genetic disorder | an abnormal condition, caused by mutations, that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes |
| three types of RNA | messenger RNA, transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA |
| three parts of DNA | sugar group, phosphate group, nitrogenous bases |
| nitrogenous bases in DNA | adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine |
| karyotype | a picture of all the chromosomes in a cell, arranged in pairs |
| amniocentesis | a technique by which a small amount of the fluid surrounding a developing baby is removed to determine whether the baby will have a genetic disorder |
| amino acids | small units that are linked together chemically to form large protein molecules |
| cystic fibrosis | a lethal genetic disorder in which lungs fill with thick mucus |
| nondisjunction | extra 21st chromosome |
| Down Syndrome | a common form of mental retardation in which there is an extra 21st chromosome |
| carrier | a person who has the trait but does not show it |
| polygenic traits | traits that are controlled by many genes |
| autosome | any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome |
| mutations | changes in DNA |
| sex-linked traits | traits that are found on the sex chromosomes and usually affect one gender |
| DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) | the genetic material that determines the characteristics of the organism, codes for the proteins that make your traits, and is passed down from parent to offspring |
| base pairing rules | a-t, g-c, a-u |
| messenger RNA | the RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message to the cytoplasm |
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