BIOL 108 Chp 5: DNA - Exam Review
About this set
Created by:
robswatski Teacher on March 10, 2010
Subjects:
biology, DNA, protein synthesis
Description:
This flashcard set contains review questions based upon concepts in Chp 5: DNA, Gene Expression, and Biotechnology (What is Life? by Jay Phelan, 2010).
Classes:
Intro to Biological Science (BIOL 108) Study Group
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38 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 double helix | this describes the structure of DNA |
| thymine | in DNA, the base Adenine bonds to... |
| cytosine | in DNA, the base Guanine bonds to... |
| sugar, phosphate, nitrogen containing base | these are the three parts of a nucleotide |
| nucleic acid | DNA and RNA both belong to this category of macromolecule |
| nitrogen containing base | these make up the "rungs" of DNA |
| protein | a gene contains the information needed to make this type of macromolecule |
| gene | this is another word that is used to describe an allele |
| amino acid | proteins consist of these building block molecules |
| translation | the actual protein is made during this step of protein synthesis |
| transcription | messenger RNA is made during this step of protein synthesis |
| cytoplasm | translation takes place in this part of a cell |
| transcription | a copy of a gene is made during this step of protein synthesis |
| translation | transfer RNA is used during this step of protein synthesis |
| amino acid | each transfer RNA carries one of these |
| transcription | this is the first step of protein synthesis |
| ribosomes | these are the protein factories of the cell |
| base | these make up the sequence of a gene |
| nucleus | transcription takes place in this part of a cell |
| mutation | any base change in DNA |
| Uracil | in RNA, the base Adenine bonds to... |
| chemical induced | air pollution and cigarette smoke can cause this kind of mutation |
| radiation induced | x-rays and sunlight can cause this kind of mutation |
| spontaneous | this kind of mutation occurs accidentally during cell division |
| enzyme | mutations often lead to problems with the functioning of this type of macromolecule |
| cloning | this occurs each time a bacterial cell divides |
| genetic engineering | this is the actual adding, deleting, or transplanting of genes in order to alter an organism's genome |
| recombinant DNA technology | an example of this would be inserting the human gene that codes for insulin into a bacterial cell genome |
| stem cell | this can develop into any type of cell in the body |
| DNA fingerprint | this has tremendous forensic value to help identify tissue specimens |
| transgenic organism | an example of this from agriculture is nutrient-rich golden rice |
| deoxyribonucleic acid | DNA stands for... |
| nucleus | this is where the genome of a eukaryotic organism is located |
| 46 | this is the number of chromosomes that humans have in each of our body cells |
| traits | different alleles can specify different... |
| UCGAUGUAC | this would be the mRNA transcript if the DNA base sequence was AGCTACATG |
| mRNA, tRNA, amino acid | these are the three molecules necessary in order for translation to occur |
| soybeans | most of this crop grown in the United States has been genetically-modified |
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