Flashcards: The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography - Chapter 10 Key Terms
About these flashcards
Created by:
crovillos1 on February 27, 2008
Subjects:
Description:
The key terms of chapter 10 from the eighth edition of "An Introduction to Human Geography" by James M. Rubenstein.
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.All 39 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Agribusiness | Commecial agriculture characterized by integration of different steps in food processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations. |
| Agriculture | The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain. |
| Cereal grain | A grass yielding grain for food. |
| Chaff | Husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing. |
| Combine | A machine that reaps, threshes, and cleans grain while moving over a field. |
| Commercial agriculture | Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm. |
| Crop | Grain or fruit gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season. |
| Crop rotation | Practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil. |
| Desertification | Degradation of land especially in semiarid area, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and free cutting. |
| Double cropping | Harvesting twice a year from the same field. |
| Grain | Seed of a cereal grass. |
| Green revolution | rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers. |
| Horticulture | The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers. |
| Hull | The outer covering of a seed. |
| Intensive subsistence agriculture | Farmers must expend a relative large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land. |
| Milkshed | The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied. |
| Paddy | Malay word for wet rice. |
| Pastoral nomadism | Form of agriculture based on herding domesticated animals. |
| Pasture | Grass grown for feeding grazing animals. |
| Plantation | A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale. |
| Prime agricultural land | The most productive farmland. |
| Ranching | A form of agriculture in which livestock graze over an intensive area. |
| Reaper | A machine that cuts grain in a field. |
| Ridge tillage | A system of planting crops on ridge tops to reduce farm production costs, promotes soil conservation. |
| Sawah | A flooded field of growing rice. |
| Seed agriculture | Reproduction of plants through annual introduction of seeds. |
| Slash and burn agriculture | Another name for shifting cultivation, fields are cleared by slashing vegetables and burning debris. |
| Shifting cultivation | People shift actively from one field to another. |
| Spring wheat | Wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer. |
| Subsistence agriculture | Designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer's family. |
| Sustainable agriculture | Farming method that preserves long-term productivity of land and minimizes pollution. |
| Swidden | A patch of land cleared for planting through slash and burn. |
| Thresh | To beat out grain from stalks by tramping it. |
| Transhumance | The seasonal migration of livestock between mountain and lowland pastures. |
| Truck farming | Commercial gardening and fruit farming named because truck meaning bartering. |
| Vegetative planting | Reproduction of plants by direct downing from existing plants. |
| Wet rice | Rice planted on dry land in a nursery then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth. |
| Winnow | To remove chaff by allowing it to be blown away by the wind. |
| Winter wheat | Wheat planted in the fall then harvested in the early summer. |