BIO2- The molecular basis of inheritance
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Created by:
cadenza_cantabile on March 10, 2010
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30 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Morgan | worked with fruit flies-genes are on chromosomes |
| Griffith | strep bacteria injections-a transforming factor can change phenotype |
| Avery, McCarty, and MacLeod | first experimental evidence that DNA was the genetic material |
| Hershey and Chase | blended S+P stained proteins and DNA in bacteria, confirmed that DNA was genetic material |
| Chargaff | rule- each member of a species shares a common ATCG ratio: A=T, C=G |
| Watson and Crick | double helix model of DNA |
| Meselsohn and Stahl | parent and new nucleotides of same composition, semiconservative replication |
| Beadle and Tatum | This person (people) identified mutants that couldn't survive on minimal medium b/c they couldn't synthesize certain essential molecules from minimal ingrediants, showed that each gene encodes a particular substance ("one gene, one enzyme" concept). |
| transcription | from DNA to RNA language-- makes mRNA |
| template strand | transcribed DNA strand, the strand of DNA that the RNA polymerase uses as a guide to build complementary mRNA |
| coding strand | the strand of DNA that is not used for transcription and is identical in sequence to mRNA, except it contains uracil instead of thymine |
| transcription bubble | is a molecular structure that occurs during the transcription or replication of DNA when DNA helicase and DNA topoisomerase "unzip" the DNA double strand. |
| RNA polymerase | an enzyme that pries the 2 strands of DNA apart and hooks together the RNA nucleotides as they base pair along the DNA template |
| RNA polymerase I | Eukaryotic RNA polymerase that transcribes the genes for the large ribosomol RNAs |
| RNA polymerase II | recognizes an area on the promoter known as the "TATA" box, , in eukaryotes, this type of polymerase transcribes the mRNAs and small nuclear RNAs |
| RNA polymerase III | Transcribes tRNA and some other small RNAs. Each has a specific promoter sequence it recognizes. |
| tata box | A DNA sequence in eukaryotic promoters crucial in forming the transcription initiation complex |
| transcription initiation complex | completed assembly of transcription factors and RNA polymerase II bound to the promoter |
| enhancer region | turns transcription on high |
| promoter region | A regulatory region a short distance upstream from the 5' end of a transcription start site that acts as the binding site for RNA polymerase. A region of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds in order to initiate transcription. |
| exon | expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein |
| intron | sequence of a eukaryotic gene's DNA that is not translated into a protein |
| snRNPs | (small nuclear ribonucleoproteins) composed of RNA and protein molecules, recognize the splice sites, join with additional proteins to form a spliceseome |
| spliceosome | A complex assembly that interacts with the ends of an RNA intron in splicing RNA, releasing the intron and joining the two adjacent exons. |
| anticodon | A sequence of three bases of a tRNA molecule that pairs with the complementary three-nucleotide codon of an mRNA molecule during protein synthesis. |
| aminoacyl tRNA synthetase | An enzyme that catalyzes attachment of an amino acid to its cognate tRNA. |
| A site | (acceptor) site in the ribosome where tRNA brings in an amino acid |
| P site | (peptide) site in the ribosome where peptide bonds are formed between adjoining amino acids on a growing polypeptide chain |
| E site | One of a ribosome's three binding sites for tRNA during translation. This site is the place where discharged tRNAs leave the ribosome. |
| signal peptide | A sequence of about 20 amino acids at or near the leading (amino) end of a polypeptide that targets it to the endoplasmic reticulum or other organelles in a eukaryotic cell |
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