Church History: Final Study Guide 2012
Order by
86 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Why did Christ establish His Church? | To continue His presence and work on earth |
| Who is the founder of the Church? | Jesus |
| When was the Church first made known, i.e when was it first manifested? | Pentecost |
| List and briefly explain the first mark of the Church. | One - one set of beliefs, one Magisterium. |
| List and briefly explain the second mark of the Church | Holy - Jesus, our founder was holy and we are called to be like Him in holiness. |
| List and briefly explain the third mark of the Church. | Catholic - universal, for the salvation of all people in all times. |
| The fourth mark of the Church concerns Apostolic Sucession....what is Apstolic Succession? | When the Apostles passed down their authority to the bishops. In other words, guidance by the sucessors of the Twelve, the pope and the bishops. |
| Where was the liturgy celebrated in the early Church? | In the home, called house liturgies. |
| What was the center/heart of early Christian worship? | The Eucharist |
| What was the name for the formation of those in preparation for Christian Initiation in the early church and what is the current name? | Catechumenate, RCIA |
| Define 'Apostolic Fathers'. | A term given to many early Christian writiers who came immediately after the Apostles. |
| When does the Apostolic era end? | With the death of St. John the Evangelist who was the last Apostle ca. 100. |
| Who was the first martyr of the Church? And what is another way of saying 'first marytr'? | St. Stephen, Proto-martyr |
| Define 'martyr'. | A 'witness' for the faith. |
| What was the Council of Jerusalem and what was decided by this council? | First Council of the Church, decided that Gentiles did not have to follow Jewish law in order to become Christian. |
| Ichthys is short creed that states... | "Jesus Christ Son of God Savior". |
| Why was it important that the church in Corinth wrote to St. Clement and not to St. John the Evangelist? | This is evidence for papal primacy. St. John the Evangelist, the Apostle, was still alive yet the church wrote to Clement before John. |
| *Know St. Polycarp was... | An apostolic father, bishop of the early Church and martyred for his faith. |
| Who is known as the 'Apostle and Missionary to the Gentiles'? | St. Paul |
| ___________ is a defense of Catholicism by the use of logic, Scripture, and Church teaching | Apologetics |
| What was the name of the first Roman Emperor to begin the persecution of the Christians? | Nero |
| What was Tertullian's famous quote? | "The blood of the martyrs is the seed of the Church." |
| Which apostolic father and bishop in the early Church was the first to use the term, "Catholic Church"? | St. Ignatius of Antioch |
| Who ended the persecution of the early Christians and how did he do it? | Constantine, Edict of Milan, 313 |
| Define 'Heresy'. | The denial of a truth which must be believed in the Catholic Church. |
| Define 'Apostasy'. | The total rejection of the Christian faith. |
| What was Arianism? | A heresy, began by a priest named Arius. Jesus not divine...not the Son of God. |
| What was the 'Council of Nicaea'? | An ecumenical council 325, condemned Arianism, developed Nicene Creed - said Jesus and God had the same nature...they were both divine. |
| Who was St. Augustine of Hippo? | Bishop of Hippo, Doctor of Grace, Mother is Monica, wrote Confessions and City of God. |
| When did the Roman Empire fall? | 476. |
| What did monasteries become during he dark ages? | Centers of learning. That helped preserve the culture. |
| Who was St. Benedict of Nursia and what did he do? | *Father of Western Monasticism, founder of the Benedictines, their motto "Ora et Labora" = "Pray and Work". |
| Who was Pope Gregory the Great? | Monastic and liturgical reforms...and missionary efforts to Europe. |
| Who was the founder of Islam, when was it founded, and what was it? | Muhammad. (ca. 600) A mix of Jewish, Nestorian Christian and Arabic paganism. |
| Who were St. Cyril and Methodius? | They were the first missionaries to the Slavs. They are the co-patrons to Europe. |
| Define 'Schism'. | 1. Refuse to follow the Pope and ...2. Not being in union with the members of the Church. |
| What was the Great Schism, aka the Eastern Schism? | Mutual excommunication between the Church in the East and the Church in the West. The main issue was papal authority. Origin of Eastern Orthodox churches, 1054. |
| What is Feudalism and what is its relationship with the Church? | A way society structured itself...people depended on others for protection and provisions. Feudalism increases the interaction of the Church and secular rulers. |
| What is 'Lay Investiture'? | When secular rulers appointing priest or bishops without proper Church approval. |
| What was the Dictatus Papae? | A decree that said the pope had special powers that no one else had. 1. Call a council 2. define doctrine 3. Appoint bishops. |
| What was the Concordat of Worms? | The decree that officially ended lay investiture. That Church people should appoint church offices and secular people should appoint secular offices. |
| Define 'nepotism'. | Appointing family members to Church offices. |
| Define 'simony'. | Is the buying or selling of Church offices and spiritual benefits. |
| What was Cluny? | Monastic reform that began in France. Thirteen men decided to return to the original teachings of St. Benedict. |
| What was the three-fold purpose of the Crusades? | 1. Christian unity in the West. 2. Heal schism between East and West. 3. Recapture the Holy Land. |
| What was the Inquisition? | Church's response to Medieval heresy. In France it was the Abigensian Heresy. In Spain it was Muslim/Jewish "converts" infiltrating the Church. |
| Who was St. Thomas Aquinas? | Dominican, "Angelic Doctor", great scholar who lived in the high middle ages (ca. 1250)...wrote Summa Theologica, scholasticism. |
| What is scholasticism? | A system of inquiry that used theology and philosopy (i.e. Faith and Reason). |
| What was an expression of Medieval faith and catechism in stone and glass? | Gothic Cathedrals |
| What is the name of the two main medicant orders during the middle ages? | Franciscans and Dominicans |
| Who were the Franciscans? | Founder Francis of Assisi, Order of Friars Minior, main charism is 'poverty'. |
| Who were the Dominicans? | Founder St. Dominic, Order of Preachers, main charism is 'preaching and teaching'. |
| How did the Catholic Church end up in Avignon, France? | Unstable in Rome, fighting between the French and Italians, French guy is elected pope (Clement V) and moves to France. The time the pope(s) lived in France is called the "Avignon Papacy". |
| Who was St. Catherine of Siena? | From Siena, Italy, Third Order Dominican, helped convince the PopeGregory XI to move back to Rome, a Doctor of the Church. |
| What was the Western Schism? | When the Church in the west was divided. Ca.1375. There was a French antipope and an Italian Pope. At one time there was three claimants to the papacy. |
| Who was Martin Luther, what did he disagree with and how did he expressed this disagreement. | A Catholic Priest from Germany. Disagreed with the selling of indulgences. He nailed a list of abuses on Church door. This list is called the '95 Theses'. 1517. |
| What was Martin Luther's revolutionary thought? | Sola Fidei (Only Faith) |
| Who is John Calvin? | Follower of Luther in Swizterland. Believed in predestination...that God has already decided if a person will go to heaven or hell so it doesn't matter how he lives his life. |
| What was the name of the king of England during the English Reformation? | Henry VIII |
| Who was Thomas More? | Chancellor of England, refused to take Oath/ Act of Supremacy and did not talk against it, beheaded. |
| Who was John Fisher? | Bishop, who spoke out about the Act of Supremacy and was arrested and eventually executed. |
| List the doctrinal and pastoral issues addressed at the Council of Trent? | (1). The one deposit of faith is transmitted in Scripture and Tradition and is interpreted by the Magisterium. (2). Faith and good works are necessary for salvation. (3). All seven sacraments were instituted by Christ (4). The sacrificial character of the Mass. (5). Transubstantiation- the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist. |
| Who is St. Ignatius of Loyola? | The founder of the Jesuits, wrote the "Spiritual Exercises". |
| Who is St. Francis Xavier? | One of the founding members of the Jesuits. Missionary to Asia- India and Japan. Co-Patron of all Missionaries. |
| What is the story behind Our Lady of Guadalupe? | Juan Diego, Conversion of Mexico. |
| Briefly explain what is Enlightenment Philosophy. | What could not be proven is not true. Science over Religion. |
| Who was Galileo? | His theories, that he presented as fact, suggested that there were contradiction between science and the Bible. |
| Who is St. Frances Cabrini? | Worked with the poor in America. |
| Who was St. Katharine Drexel? | Worked with blacks and Indians in America. |
| What is the name of the saint who Mary appeared to and asked her to assist in the production of the 'Miraculous Medal'. | St. Catherine Laboure, 1830 |
| What is the name of the saint who Mary appeared to at Lourdes, France? What name did Mary go by during this apparition and what was significant about this name? | St. Bernadette 1858, Dogma of the Immaculate Conception 4 years earlier. |
| What was Fatima? | Before - Pope Benedict XV appeals to Mary for help. Heaven answers one week later when Mary appears to three shepherd children. Mary asks for the daily recitation of the rosary, the consecration of Russia to Her Immaculate Heart, etc. |
| What was the Second Vatican Council, aka, Vatican II? | A council with a pastoral emphasis, not a dogmatic one. |
| What were the two main themes of Vatican II and explain each theme. | Resourcement: Returning to the sources of our faith and theological traditions. Aggiornamento: up-dating the method and discipline of the Church. |
| What is the name of the pope who called the Second Vatican Council. | John XXIII |
| What are the names of the four constitutions of Vatican II and what was the main theme of each constitution? | 1. Light of the Nations: What is the Church? 2. Sacred Council: On the Liturgy. 3. Divine Word: On Scripture and Divine Revelation. 4. Joy and Hope: What is the Church's relationship with the world? |
| What is the name of the meeting called where a new pope is elected and what is the electing process? | Conclave, 2/3rds...50% + 1 |
| What is Theology of the Body? | Is Pope John Paul II's vision of the human person, 129 talks. |
| What are World Youth Days? | Intiated by PJII in 1986, international week-long gathering of the youth from all over the world. |
| Which pope was involved with the fall of the Soviet Communist Empire 1989. | John Paul II |
| Define 'Ecumenism'. | Promoting unity among all Christians. |
| ___________ is a member of the Society of the Sacred Heart, opens a school for girls in Kansas. The Pottawatomi Indians named her "the woman who prays always". 1841. | St. Rose Philippine Duchesne. |
| The Church in America had significant growth in what century? | 19th. In 1850 two million Catholics and in 1865 there were four million Catholics. |
| Died in 1951as a prisoner of war in Chinese Communist Hospital in Korea.Due to his heroism both as a priest and a chaplain to the prisoners of war in the Korean prison camp, the Diocese of Wichita and the US Military are seeing his canonization. | Fr. Emil Kapaun |
| ____________________________developed the structural model for stewardship way of life for Catholic parishes in the Diocese of Wichita - the first diocese in the United States to do so. | Bishop Eugene Gerber |
| What is the name of the current bishop of the Wichita diocese? | Bishop Michael Jackels |
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