Chapters 16, 17, 18 Pharm
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36 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Antacids | agent that neutralizes gastric hydrochloric acid. (Tums, Maalox, Mylanta) |
| Antidiarrhea | medication that reduces the number of loose stools. (Lomotil, Kapectolin, Imodium A&D) |
| Antiemetics | drug that prevents or treast nausea, vomiting, or motion sickness. (Dramamine, Antivert, Reglan) |
| Antiflatulents | symptomatic treatment of gastric bloating or GI gas pain. (Mylicon) |
| Antiulcer | drug that reduces gastric acid secretion, or that acts to prevent or treat gastric or duodenal ulcers. (Prevacid, Priolsec, Protonix) |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) | a backward flow of gastric secretions into the esophagus causing inflammation and discomfort. GERD is treated with drugs to accelerate gastric emptying. (Tagamet, Pepcid, Zantac) |
| Laxatives | drugs that promote evacuation of the intestine. (Metamucil, Dialose, Enema) |
| Adverse reactions | a list of possible upleasant or dangerous secondary effects, other than the desired effect. (hypersensitivity, Anaphylaxis, Direct toxicity, Indirect toxicity) |
| Aminoglycosides | drugs used in combination with other antibiotics that treat many infections caused by gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. (Gentamycin) |
| Anaphylaxis | allergic hypersensitivity reaction of the body to a foreign substance or drug. Mild symptoms include rash, itching, and hives. Severe symptoms include dyspnea, chest constriction, cardiopulmonary collapse, and death. (Adverse Reaction) |
| Antifungal | medication used in the treatment of candidial (yeast infections) and other specific susceptible fungi. (Anti-infective agent) |
| antituberculosis agents | medication used to treat asymptomatic infection, and to treat active clinical tuberculosis and prevent relapse. (Anti-infective agent) |
| antiviral | medication used to treat viruses, for example, HIV and herpes |
| Broad-spectrum | antibiotic effective against a large variety of organisms. |
| Cephalosporins | semisynthetic antibiotic derivates produced by a fungus. (1-4 generations; Keflex, Rocephin, Maxipime) |
| Culture and sensitivity (C & S tests) | identification of the causative organism and specific medication to which is sensitive based on symptoms. 24-48 hours testing results. |
| Direct toxicity | drug the results in tissue damage; may or may not be permanent. Effect hearing, kidney & liver. (Adverse reaction) |
| hypersensitivity | allergic or excessive response of the immune system to a drug or chemical. (Corticsteriods, anthisamine) Adverse Reaction |
| Macrolides | drugs used in many infections of the respiratory tract, for skin conditions such as acne, or for some sexually transmitted infections when the patient is allergic to penicillin. (erythromycin, zithromax) Anti-infective |
| Opportunistic infections | infections that occur because the immune system is compromised. (Aid's related Kaposi Sarcoma) |
| Penicillins | antibiotics produced from certain species of a fungus. (amoxicillian) anti-infective |
| Quinolones | drugs used in adults for the treatment of some infections of the urinary tract, lower respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, skin, bones and joints. (Cipro, Levaquin) Anti-infective |
| Resistance | an organism's lack of response to antibiotic when they are used too often or treatment is incomplete. |
| Sulfonamides | anti-infectives used in combination with other drugs to slow development of resistance; used in treatment of urinary tract infections, enteritis, and opportunistic infections of AIDS. (Bactrim) Anti-infective |
| Superinfection | a new infection with different resistant bacteria or fungi. Usually associated with certain types of antibiotic therapy. (Adverse Reaction - indirect toxcity) |
| Tetracyclines | broad-spectrum antibiotics used in the treatment of infections caused by rickettsia, chlamydia, or some uncommon bacteria. Anti-infective |
| Urinary anti-infectives | drugs used for initial or recurrent urinary tract infections caused by susceptible organism, usually bacteriostatic instead of bactericidal. |
| Antiglaucoma agents | medication used to lower intraocular pressure. |
| Anti-infective | medication used in the treatment of infections; includes antibiotics, antifungals, and antiviirals. |
| Beta-adrenergic blocker | drugs that block the action of the sympathetic nervous system. (decreases rate) |
| Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors | drugs that reduce the hydrogen and bicarbonate ions and have a diuretic effect (increasing the excretion of fluids from the body through the urine). |
| Cycloplegic | drugs that paralyzes the muscles of accommodation for eye examinations. |
| Intraocular pressure | pressure within the eyeball. |
| Miotics | drugs that cause the pupil to contract. |
| Mydriatics | drugs that dilates the pupil. |
| Anti-flammatory | medication used to relieve inflammation. |
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