Data

Copy and paste the text below. It is read-only. Select All

Pteroposidae Flying foxes- largest species Large size range 15-20g up to 3lb Up to 6 feet wing span Frequently in large numbers in trees Feed on nectar, blossom, pollen or fruit Limited to tropical distribution No echolocation Face like fox -> long snout Nocturnal though some are diurnal Large eyes, can navigate visually. May be sensitive to UV smell and eyesight very well developed http://o.quizlet.com/i/OVSKTuIo_CMY_TfE2erGKQ.jpg Rhinolophidae Old World Horseshoe Bat • Widely distributed in old world temperate and tropical regions • Wide variety of habitats • Distinctive facial ornamentation in the shape of a horseshoe • Insectivorous • Some species highly endangered • Roost in a variety of places • Small to medium bats → 4 to 28 g; 35 to 110 mm • Very agile flyers http://o.quizlet.com/i/5woBREKAx4MkMkYby-jwww.jpg Hipposideridae Old World Leaf-nosed Bat • these bats live in arid desert environments in Morocco, Arabian Peninsula, etc. • Distinctive facial ornamentation • Insectivorous • Some species highly endangered • Roost in a variety of places including buildings • Small to medium bats → 4 to 28 g; 35 to 110 mm http://o.quizlet.com/i/-Hzq1umdx_WILK2PP_mnYg.jpg Megadermatidae (False vampire bats) (4, 5) • East Africa, India, SE Asia, and Australia • Tropical and savanna habitats • Moderate to large bats → 65 to 140 mm; up to 170 g • No upper incisors • Roost in caves, trees, buildings, and bushes They have large eyes, very large ears and a prominent nose-leaf. They have a wide uropatagium, but no tail. Many species are a drab brown in color, but some are white, bluish-grey or even olive-green, helping to camouflage. They are primarily insectivorous, but will also eat a wide range of small vertebrates http://o.quizlet.com/i/PWcoLWGdvJI17NpCA2C1Gg.jpg Rhinopomatidae (Mouse-tailed bats) (1, 3) • Very long tails (as long as entire body) • Small to medium sized bats → 5-6 cm; 6 to 14 g • Found in arid and semi-arid regions of North Africa, Middle East to India and Sumatra • Roost in caves, cliffs, and Egyptian pyramids • Insectivorous Mouse-tailed bats become torpid during cold weather,although they do not truly hibernate. They live in roosts of a thousand or more members, and have one or two young per year http://o.quizlet.com/i/z27xfhZD5c3dqZBYvO8NOQ.jpg Craseonycteridae (bumblebee bat) (1, 1) • Thailand • Smallest species of bat and mammal (based on mass) 3 cm, 1.5 to 2.0 g Bumblebee bat • Roost in small caves → solitary • Insectivorous • Distinctive pig-like snout (also known as hog-nosed bat) The uropatagium is large which may assist in flying and catching insects, although there are no tail bones or calcars to help control it in flight http://o.quizlet.com/i/tduFwCyvTpmRhm4lKCjigg.jpg Emballonuridae (Sac-winged bats) (13, 51) • Tropical and sub-tropical regions worldwide • Insectivorous • Sac in propatagium (near elbow) that may be glandular • Prominent in males - pheromones • Colonies have single male plus many females • Considerable size variation → 37 to 157 mm, 5 to 105 g http://o.quizlet.com/i/tJ-fjoXkXrefIt9WSn6JHQ.jpg Phyllostomidae (New World Leaf-nosed bats) (55, 160) Ecologically the most varied and diverse family within the order Chiroptera. Most species are insectivorous, but the phyllostomid bats include true predatory species as well as frugivores. For example, the False Vampire(Vampyrum spectrum)- the largest bat in the Americas, eats vertebrate prey including small dove-sized birds. Members of this family have evolved to utilize food groups such as fruit, nectar, pollen, insects, frogs, other bats and small vertebrates, and, in the case of the vampire bats, even blood http://o.quizlet.com/i/EO59fK2xUPEzObNYJ13qTw.jpg Mormoopidae (Mustache or naked backed bats) (2, 8) • Tropical → Central and South America • Semiarid to tropical forest • Insectivorous with long narrow wings for fast flight • Gregarious, forming large colonies in caves They are distinguished by the presence of a leaf-like projection from their lips, instead of the noseleaf found in many other bat species. In some species, the wing membranes join over the animal's back, making it appear hairless http://o.quizlet.com/i/XB9fAHO5S2JW_PS1E3l3Uw.jpg Noctilionidae (Bull-dog or fishing bats) (1, 2) • Neotropics • Relatively large → 57 to 132 mm; 18 to 90 g; 585 mm wing span in Noctilio leporinus • Hindlimbs large with sharp recurved claws • Noctilio albiventris → insectivorous • Noctilio leporinus → fish eating http://o.quizlet.com/i/3Xwd_rDA1vloT7_S1YBxRw.jpg Furipteridae (smoky, or thumbless, bats) (2, 2) This family contains only two species, the Smokey Bat and the Thumbless Bat. Both are from Central and South America, and are closely related to the bats in the Natalidae and Thyropteridae families. They can be recognized by their reduced and functionless thumbs, enclosed by the wing membranes, and their broad, funnel-shaped ears. They are insectivorous and can live in many different kinds of environments. http://o.quizlet.com/i/5LGq5M4Vmtmwo3RvIxIU1w.jpg Thyropteridae (Disk-winged bats) (1, 3) • Sucker discs on thumbs and feet • They can also be recognized by their reduced thumb, enclosed by the wing membranes, and their funnel-shaped ears. • Small bats → 4 g • Neotropical → humid forests near water • Insectivorous • Roost in Heliconia leaves http://o.quizlet.com/i/tVSdT8pwMEVaR3x2cSigyg.jpg Myzopodidae (Old World sucker-footed bat) (1, 1) These are medium-sized insectivores with large ears, found in Madagascar. Like the neotropical Thyropteridae,myzopodid bats have suction-cups on their wrists and ankles that allow them to roost inside rolled leaves. The suction cups appear to have evolved independently. Their toes have only two phalanges, and they are united for most of their length. The thumb is small and has a vestigial claw, similar to the New World furipterids. http://o.quizlet.com/i/siZro5ZAfMz5G1SKKysa8Q.jpg Mystacinidae (New Zealand short-tailed bats) (1, 2) Mystacinids are the most "unbatlike" family of bats. They spend much of the time on the ground and are unique in being able to fold their wings into a leathery membrane when not in use. They also have a projection on some the claws, which may aid in digging or climbing. They are omnivorous, eating fruit and carrion in addition to ground dwelling arthropods, pollen and nectar (which they are able to collect with their extensible tongue http://o.quizlet.com/i/n1x9Y6I9OSbFYmokeHjYeA.jpg Vespertilionidae (Common bats) (48, 407) • Most widely distributed, worldwide, most diverse in temperate regions • Plain-looking - 3-10 cm, 4-50 g • Small eyes, nose-leaf usually absent, large ears, well developed tragus • Most are insectivorous → chase after prey • Variety of roosts → adapt well to urban areas • In temperate regions, species hibernate http://o.quizlet.com/i/TCbCYTTij1WdRAW3hGZ6eQ.jpg Mollosidae (Free-tailed bats) (16, 100) • Medium sized bats → 4-3 cm • Important members of tropical and subtropical faunas • Worldwide distribution → mostly tropical; up to Canada • Large eyes meet on fore head and point forwards, tragus but no noseleaf • Tail extends beyond posterior border of uropatagium • Mostly insectivorous • Variety of roost sites; mainly caves • Don't hibernate but may migrate http://o.quizlet.com/i/wXbc0aSMd9O5aTkNYQ0d0w.jpg Natalidae (Funnel-eared bats) (3, 8) • Northern Mexico to northern South America • Small bats → length 35 to 55 Mexican funnel-eared bat Natalus stramineus mm; 4 to 10 g • Insectivorous • Roost singly or in small clusters • Adult males have a glandular "natalid organ" on the forehead (unknown function) • The ears are broader than high, and shaped like three-quarters of a funnel http://o.quizlet.com/i/kiGw25fDz8Okox4MksCXeQ.jpg