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greater the nearer the fluid is to the pump the _____ the pressure exerted on the fluid aorta Systemic Blood pressure is highest in the arterioles the steepest drop in blood pressure occurs in the they offer the greatest resistance to blood flow why does the steepest drop in blood pressure occur in the arterioles? arterial blood pressure reflects two factors: 1) how much the elastic arteries close to the heart can be stretched and 2) the volume of blood forced into them at any time systolic pressure pressure peak; usually averages 120 mmHg in adults diastolic pressure during this time, aortic pressure drops to its lowest level, usually around 70 to 80 mmHg pulse pressure The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the: increased stroke volume and faster blood ejection what can cause temporary increases in the pulse pressure? arteriosclerosis what can chronically increase pulse pressure? mean arterial pressure (MAP) the pressure that propels the blood to the tissues diastole lasts longer than systole why is MAP not simply the value halfway between the systolic and diastolic pressures increasing distance from the heart MAP and pulse pressure both decline with what? capillaries are fragile and high pressure would rupture them, and most capillaries are extremely permeable and even the low capillary pressure forces solute containing fluids out of the bloodstream into the interstitial space Why are such low capillary pressures desirable? arterial pressure pulsates with each contraction of the left ventricle venous blood pressure steady and changes very little during the cardiac cycle adequate venous return venous pressure is normally too low to promote what? respiratory pump pressure changes in the ventral body cavity during breathing moves blood up toward the heart abdominal pressure increases squeezing the local veins and forcing blood toward the heart what happens as we inhale? muscular pump as the skeletal muscles contract and relax they milk the blood towards the heart sympathetic control The third adaptation is the layer of smooth muscle around the veins that constricts under what?