Campbell Biology Chapter 30
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Created by:
julialt on March 14, 2010
Subjects:
Campbell biology, biology, ap biology, chapter 30, angiosperms, plant diversity, the evolution of seed plants
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33 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 aggregate flower | A fruit such as a blackberry that develops from a single flower that has several carpels. |
| anther | The terminal pollen sac of a stamen, inside which pollen grains with male gametes form in the flower of an angiosperm. |
| carpel | The female reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary. |
| coevolution | The mutual influence on the evolution of two different species interacting with each other and reciprocally influencing each other's adaptations. |
| conifer | A gymnosperm whose reproductive structure is the cone. Conifers include pines, firs, redwoods, and other large trees. |
| cotyledons | The one (monocot) or two (dicot) seed leaves of an angiosperm embryo. |
| cross-pollination | The transfer of pollen from flowers of one plant to flowers of another plant of the same species. |
| double fertilization | A mechanism of fertilization in angiosperms, in which two sperm cells unite with two cells in the embryo sac to form the zygote and endosperm. |
| embryo sac | The female gametophyte of angiosperms, formed from the growth and division of the megaspore into a multicellular structure with eight haploid nuclei. |
| endosperm | A nutrient-rich tissue formed by the union of a sperm cell with two polar nuclei during double fertilization, which provides nourishment to the developing embryo in angiosperm seeds. |
| filament | The stalk of a stamen. |
| flower | In an angiosperm, a short stem with four sets of modified leaves, bearing structures that function in sexual reproduction. |
| fruit | A mature ovary of a flower that protects dormant seeds and aids in their dispersal. |
| Ginkgophyta | A phylum of gymnosperms represented by a single extant species, Ginkgo biloba, characterized by fanlike leaves that turn gold and are deciduous in autumn. |
| integuments | Layers of sporophyte tissues that contribute to the structure of an ovule of a seed plant. |
| megaspores | A spore from a heterosporous plant that develops into a female gametophyte bearing archegonia. |
| microspores | A spore from a heterosporous plant that develops into a male gametophyte with antheridia. |
| multiple fruit | A fruit such as pineapple that develops from an inflorescence, a group of flowers tightly clustered together. When the walls of the many ovaries start to thicken, they fuse together and become incorporated into one fruit. |
| ovary | (1) In flowers, the portion of a carpel in which the egg-containing ovules develop. |
| ovule | A structure that develops in the plant ovary and contains the female gametophyte. |
| pericarp | The thickened wall of a fruit. |
| petal | A modified leaf of a flowering plant. Petals are the often colorful parts of a flower that advertise it to insects and other pollinators. |
| Anthophyta | The phylum containing all angiosperms. |
| Coniferophyta | The largest of the four gymnosperm phyla, the reproductive structure is the cone. Conifers include pines, firs, redwoods, and other large trees. |
| Cycadophyta | A phylum of gymnosperms that superficially resemble palms. Cycads bear naked seeds on sporophylls, leaves specialized for reproduction. |
| Gnetophyta | A phylum of gymnosperms consisting of just three extant genera that are very different in appearance. |
| pollen grains | The structures that contain the immature male gametophytes. |
| pollination | The placement of pollen onto the stigma of a carpel by wind or animal carriers, a prerequisite to fertilization. |
| progymnosperms | An extinct group of plants that is probably ancestral to gymnosperms and angiosperms. |
| sepal | A whorl of modified leaves in angiosperms that encloses and protects the flower bud before it opens. |
| stamen | The pollen-producing male reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of an anther and filament. |
| stigma | (plural, stigmata) The sticky part of a flower's carpel, which traps pollen grains. |
| style | The stalk of a flower's carpel, with the ovary at the base and the stigma at the top. |
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