Zach C Social Studies CH. 11 Test
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Created by:
Michellecohan on March 14, 2010
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46 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Peninsula | mainland of Greece sticks out into the Mediterranean Sea, It is a ____________, a body of land that has water on three sides. |
| Peloponnesus | gulf of water almost divides the Greek peninsula in two. The Southern tip forms a second peninsula called the _____________. |
| Isthmus | the narrow strip of land that links the Peloponnesus to the rest of Greece. |
| Phoenicians | important trading people who lived on the coast of the eastern Mediterranean. They spread their system of writing to others including the Greeks. |
| Alaphabet | system of symbols which stand for sounds; (The greek _______ later evolved into our own _________ . ) picked it up from the Phenicians betw 800-900 B.C. |
| Mycenean civilization | The first Greek civilization was built on the Peloponnesus. King ruled each city. traders, culture featured writing, gold jewelry, bronze weapons, fine pottery. civlization collapesed in 1200 B.C. due to invaders |
| lack of farmland; did not produce much grain; Sea was best resource; some had olive oil, wine, wool, fine pottery had stone for building | Describe Greece's natural resources |
| grain, timber for building, animal hides, slaves ; also traded for nuts, figs, cheese, and flax used to make linen. | what were the main products that Greeks bought? |
| alphabet, coins | Trade brought an _________ and _____________ to Greece. |
| coins | metal objects invented in Anatolia about 650 B.C. for use in trade |
| Athens | the most important city of the first Greek civilization |
| olive oil | one of the surplus goods that Greece traded for products such as timber, animal hides and nuts |
| Mediterranean | the large sea that is south of Greece |
| Aegean | the small sea that is east of Greece |
| Zeus | ruler of gods; Greeks believed he lived on Mt. Olympus |
| Mt. Olympus | the highest mountain in Greece; ancient greeks believed that thier most important gods lived on this mountain |
| Athena | protector of Athens; goddess of wisdom, a warrior, and patron of crafts such as weaving |
| myths | stories that people tell to explain beliefs about their world, often begin as oral stories |
| fire | The story of Prometheus provides an explanation fo rhow humans came to have _____. |
| Olympics | games held every four years to honor Zeus. Only men competed in these contests. first one only included foot race |
| Hera | Zeus's wife; unmarried girls competed in a festival to honor this goddess. festival held at same time as Olympics |
| epic poems | long poems that told stories |
| Homer | blind man who composed the most famous epics, The Illiad and The Odyssey |
| fable | short story usually involving animals that teaches a moral lesson |
| Aesop | storyteller who wrote many Greek fables, inlcuding "The Hare and the Tortoise" |
| festivals and athletic games | how did Ancient Greeks honor their gods? |
| Poseidon | god of the seas and earthquakes |
| Illiad | The ________ portrays events during the Trojan War, in which Greeks attempted to capture the city of Troy. |
| Odyssey | The _________ includes a one-eyed monster called the Cyclops, who held Odysseus and his men captive until Odysseus was able to defeat him. |
| Polis | city-state |
| Agora | open marketplace that also had temples and other public buildings. men met there to talk politics. |
| Acropolis | fortified hilltop - highest city; at first people used it for military purposes, then Greeks built temples and plaaces |
| Monarchy | earliest form of government in Greece; King or Queen who has superior power. most city states started out as monarchies but changed over time |
| Aristocracy | upper class or nobility. people who were descended from the high-born ancestors; by 700s B.C. most Greek city-states moved from monarchy to this |
| Oligarchy | rule by the few. rule because of wealth or land ownership |
| Tyrant | someone who took power in an illegal way (someone who acted like a King with out being of royal birth); played an important role in the develpoment of rule by the people and helped overthrow oligarchy. |
| Citizen | person who is loyal to a government and who is entitled to protection by that government |
| Democracy - direct | all citizens take part in government; but not all people were citizens (only free adult males, not women, slaves and foreigners) |
| Democracy - indirect | people elect representatives to make laws (like U.S.) |
| Solon | one of the 7 wise men of Greece. son of a Noble family, he reduced the nobles power. known for political reform and poetry; elected to lead Athens in 594. B.C.freed slaves |
| Cleisthenes | 500 B.C. he increased citizens power even more. Took power away from nobles; organized citizens into groups based on residence, not wealth. any citizen could now vote on laws. |
| Athens | developed a direct deomocracy; all citizens met to vote on laws, but only free men were citizens; had two governing bodies - The Council of Four Hundred and the Assembly |
| Sparta | main rival of Athens, large city-state in the Peloponnesus. |
| Helot | slaves of Spartans; worked mostly on farms and had to give Spartans half their crops |
| Barracks | military houses where boys of Spartan society moved into at age 7; discipline, duty, strength |
| Marathon | the plain from which a runner ran to Athens to tell of the Greek victory over the Persians |
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