Animals
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33 terms
Occitan | English |
|---|---|
| Animal |  Multicellular, eukaryotic organisms• Heterotrophy is by ingestion.Eating other organisms or decomposing organic matter (detritus).Reproduction is typically sexual with flagellated sperm fertilizing nonmotile eggs to form diploid zygotes, cells supported by collagen. |
| Phylum Porifera | Lack true tissues, therefore, they are called parazoa. sessile with porous bodies and choanocytes |
| Ectoderm | Covers the surface of the embryo, Forms the animal's outer covering and the central nervous system in some phyla |
| Endoderm | Innermost germ layer which lines the archenteron (primitive gut) • Forms the lining of the digestive tract, and outpocketings give rise to the liver and lungs of vertebrates |
| Mesoderm | Located between the ectoderm and endoderm in triploblastic animals • Forms the muscles and most organs located between the digestive tract and outer covering of the animal |
| Acoelomate | An animal body plan characterized by no body cavity present between the digestive tract and the outer body wall. e.g., Phylum Platyhelminthes |
| Pseudocoelomate | Animal body plan characterized by a fluid-filled body cavity that separates the digestive tract and the outer body wall, This cavity (the pseudocoelom) is not completely lined with tissue derived from mesoderm (e.g., Phylum Nematoda). |
| Coelomate | Animal body plan characterized by a fluid-filled body cavity completely lined with tissue derived from mesoderm (the coelom) that separates the digestive tract from the outer body wall |
| protostomes | undergo spiral cleavage and determinate cleavage during their development. |
| Deuterostomes | undergo radial cleavage and indeterminate cleavage during their development. |
| Schizocoelous | Descriptive term for coelom development during which, as the archenteron forms, the coelom begins as splits within the solid mesodermal mass;coelom formation found in protostomes |
| Enterocoelous | Coelom development during which the mesoderm arises as lateral outpocketings of the archenteron with hollows that become the coelomic cavities; coelom formation found in deuterostomes |
| Phylum Cnidaria | cnidarians have radial symmetry, a gastrovascular cavity, and cnidocytes |
| Phylum Platyhelminthes | flatworms, dorsoventrally flattened acoelomates |
| Phylum Nematoda | roundworms are unsegmented and cylindrical with tapered ends. Psuedocoelomates. |
| Phylum Mollusca | Have a muscular foot, a visceral mass, and a mantle |
| Phylum Annelida | segmented worms. Protostome Coelomates |
| Phylum Echinodermata | These deuterostomes have a water vascular system, primary bilateral symmetry and secondary radial symmetry |
| Spongocoel | Central cavity of sponge |
| Osculum | Larger excurrent opening of the spongocoel |
| Choanocyte | Collar cell, majority of cells which line the spongocoel; possess a flagellum which is ringed by a collar of fingerlike projections. Flagellar movement moves water and food particles which are trapped on the collar and later phagocytized. |
| Gastrovascular cavity | a central digestive cavity with only one opening (functions as mouth and anus) |
| radula | present in many molluscs and functions as a rasping tongue to scrap food from surfaces. |
| Phylum Arthropoda | have regional segmentation, jointed appendages, and exoskeletons |
| Gas Exchange in Arthropods | Feathery gills in aquatic species, Tracheal systems in insects, Book lungs in other terrestrial forms (e.g., spiders) |
| Notochord | A longitudinal, flexible rod located between the gut and nerve cord • Present in all chordate embryos • Composed of large, fluid-filled cells encased in a stiff, fibrous tissue • Extends through most of the length of the animal as a simple skeleton |
| Agnatha | Jawless Vertebrates, ex Lampreys and hagfishes |
| Chondrichthyes | A cartilaginous endoskeleton reinforced by calcified granules is diagnostic of this class |
| Osteichthyes | A bony endoskeleton, operculum, and a swim bladder are hallmarks of this class |
| Ectotherm | An animal that uses behavioral adaptations to absorb solar energy and regulate its body temperature. |
| Endothermy | The ability to keep the body warm through an animal's own metabolism |
| monotremes | Oviparity • A reptilian-like egg with large amounts of yolk that nourishes the developing embryos (see Campbell, Figure 34.27a) • Hair • Milk production from specialized glands on the belly of females Þ After hatching, young suck milk from the fur of the mother who lacks nipples. |
| marsupials | include opossums, kangaroos, koalas, and other mammals that complete their development in a marsupium (maternal pouch). |
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