Dicrocoelium dendriticum and Paragonimus westermani

5 Written Questions

1. P. westermani.
2. D. dendriticum
3. Adult in lung, eggs in sputum or swallowed and in feces. 2. eggs hatch to miracidium 3. miracidium in snail to sporocyst to redia to cercaria 4. spined cercaria with knob tails are released to invade 2nd I.H like crab or crayfish. 5. they encyst as metacercaria and 2nd I.h eats them. 6. excyst in duodenum of 2nd IH. 7. Juvenile penetrate the intestine and embed in abdominal wall. 8. we eat the 2ND IH 9. Juvi's reenter coelom, penetrate coelom and migrate to our lungs. 10. They find a mate, and form cyst in lungs. 11. mature into adults
4. 1. Eggs in feces 2. (Cionella lubrica in U.S snail eats egg) 3. Miracidium in snail intestine to digestive gland 4. mother sporocyst to daughter sporocyst 5. no redia - to cercaria (tailed). 6. Cercaria accumulate in mantle cavity and irritation causes mucous building and slime balls 7. (Formica fusca ant eats slime ball and ingest cercaria) 8. Cercaria penetrate ant gut and encysts as metacercaria inside ant hemocoel 8. One cercaria migrates to subesophageal ganglion and becomes brainworm and alters ant behavior. Remains at grass tip and eaten 9. Ruminent eats ant and metacercaria excyst in duodenum, juveniles migrates to bile duct. Adults in bile duct produce eggs.
5. because we don't eat infected ants on grass.

5 Matching Questions

1. Common name for D. dendriticum - why?
2. Geographic distribution of D. dendriticum - habitat?
3. Diagnosis of p. westermani - can often be mistaken for, in brain?
4. Paragonimus kellicotti - similar to x, and is a form of x - where is it located?
5. D. dendriticum has how many I.H.? What are they

1. a Lancet fluke, pointed body
2. b similar to P. westermani, form of lung fluke. In US, fun research saying that they had alcohol and ate weird **** and got this parasite.
3. c finds eggs in sputum or feces, biopsy, ELISA, x ray or CT. Can often be mistaken for tuberculosis, pneumonia, spirochaetosis in lungs, or tumors, encephalitis, hydatids in brains.
4. d 2. 1ST I.H. = Snail. 2nd = Ant
5. e Europe, Asia - 45% of cattle in switzerland. Some in USA and Australia. Habitat is grasslands where herbivores graze.

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. Asia, Africa, Central and South America. About 20 million people infected. Habitat is swift flowing streams and snail habitats.
   1. Pathology and Symptoms of P. westermani
   2. Geographic distribution of D. dendriticum - habitat?
   3. Geographic distribution of Paragonimus westermani
   4. Common name for Paragonimus westermani
2. sheep, cattle, goats, pigs
   1. D. dendriticum adults live in
   2. Common name for D. dendriticum - why?
   3. D.H for D. dendriticum are
   4. Why is D. dendriticum rare in humans
3. Most are asymptomatic - look for eggs in feces. Treat with praziquantel, expensive, or benzimidazoles. Control is difficult because of crazy life cycle. - snails and ants hard to control. Have to keep tabs on your grazing times.
   1. D.H for D. dendriticum are
   2. How to diagnose D. dendriticum? Treatment? Control?
   3. Why is D. dendriticum rare in humans
   4. Common name for D. dendriticum - why?
4. Praziquantel.
   1. D.H for D. dendriticum are
   2. Pickling does not kill
   3. Treat P. westermani with
   4. Paragonimus westermani life cycle
5. 1. digenean 2. indirect life cycles - 2 I.H. 3. First I.H is a snail 4. D. dendriticum similar in length as P. westermani, but half the size.
   1. D. dendriticum has how many I.H.? What are they
   2. Common name for Paragonimus westermani
   3. Dicrocoelium dendriticum and Paragonimus westermani are 1. mono/di genean parasites? 2. mono/heteroxenous 3. hosts 4. size
   4. Geographic distribution of Paragonimus westermani

5 True/False Questions

1. Paragonimus westermani - 1. acetabulum 2. sex 3. morphology 4. tegument 5. reproductive system → 1. distome 2. monoecious but prefers cross fertilization 3. Adults look like coffee beans and are unusually thick 4. Tegument covered in spines 5. reproductive system - ovaries left of midline, vitelline follicles at lateral ends.

   True        False

2. Pathology and Symptoms of P. westermani → lung fluke

   True        False

3. Paragonimus westermani - how many species known to infect humans? 2. Adult resides where? 3. Hosts - anything unusual? → 1. Adults in DH live in lungs, pair up 2. Eggs in sputum or swallowed and passed in feces. 3. After at least 16 days in water miracidium hatches. 4. Thieridae snail is IH. 5. adult/egg/miracidium/sporocyst/redia/cercaria ( inside snail

   True        False

4. Paragonimus westermani - 1. adults live where and how? 2. Eggs passed how? 3. After how long does egg hatch 4. What species of snail is IH? 5. Life stages → 1. distome 2. monoecious but prefers cross fertilization 3. Adults look like coffee beans and are unusually thick 4. Tegument covered in spines 5. reproductive system - ovaries left of midline, vitelline follicles at lateral ends.

   True        False

5. John and his gf went out and had crab at a sketchy restaurant and now he is having breathing difficulties, what could he have? → finds eggs in sputum or feces, biopsy, ELISA, x ray or CT. Can often be mistaken for tuberculosis, pneumonia, spirochaetosis in lungs, or tumors, encephalitis, hydatids in brains.

   True        False