Chp 27 - World War II
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50 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Great Depression | a severe, world wide economic crisis which lasted from the end of 1929 to the outbreak of World War II. |
| demogogues | a leader who sweeks power by appealing to people's emotions and prejudicdes and by making false claims and promises |
| anti-Semitism | hostility towards Jews as an ethnic or religious group, often accompanied by social,economic and political discrimination. |
| civil disobediance | the form of protest that calls on people to disobey unjust laws |
| Mohandas Ghandi | (1869-1948) Leader of India's struggle for independence from Great Britain; he organized the population for protest through the methods of nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience. |
| Five Year Plans | Stalin's goals for making the Soviet Union competitive through establishing high quotas of production |
| Mussolini | founded fascism and ruled Italy for almost 21 years, most of that time as dictator. He dreamed of building Italy into a great empire, but he led his nation to defeat in World War II (1939-1945) and was executed by his own people. |
| Stalin | Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition |
| HItler | leader of the Nazi Party who led a fascist totalitarian state in Germany and sought to aggressively expand the German Empire which led to WW II. |
| totalitarianism | government control over every aspect of public and private life |
| communism | an economic system in which the central government directs all major economic decisions |
| New Economic Policy | Policy proclaimed by Vladimir Lenin in 1924 to encourage the revival of the Soviet economy by allowing small private enterprises. Joseph Stalin ended it in 1928 and replaced it with a series of Five-Year Plans |
| kulaks | Prosperous Russian peasants that - under Stalin - were sent to labor camps as punishment |
| purges | Stalin ordered all who opposed him to be killed or put in prison, resulting in millions of deaths |
| gulag | a Russian prison camp for political prisoners |
| Mein Kampf | the autobiography of Adolf Hitler, setting forth his political philosophy and his plan for German conquest |
| Nazi Party | German political party joined by Adolf Hitler, emphasizing nationalism, racism, and war. When Hitler became chancellor of Germany in 1933, the Nazi Party became the only legal party and an instrument of Hitler's absolute rule. |
| Enabling Act | act pushed through the Reichstag by the Nazis which gave Hitler absolute dictatorial power for four years. |
| Gestapo | Nazi secret police |
| Third Reich | The Third German Empire, established by Adolf Hitler in the 1930s. |
| pump priming | the spending of government funds in commercial enterprises, to stimulate the national economy |
| Autobahn | superhighway built by Hiler to get unemployed people in Germany back to work. |
| Nuremberg Laws | established legal basis in Nazi Germany for discrimination against Jews |
| Aryan | A term the Nazis used to denote people of "pure" German heritage wtih blond hair and blue eyes |
| Kristallnacht | (Night of the Broken Glass) November 9, 1938, when mobs throughout Germany destroyed Jewish property and terrorized Jews. |
| New Deal | Franklin Roosevelt's economic reform program designed to solve the problems of the Great Depression |
| Popular Front | French government of all left wing parties hoping to enact social and economic reform |
| Manchuria | Province in northeast China invaded by Japan in September 1931. |
| Lebensraum | living space - Hitler's idea that Germany needed to expand. |
| Guernica | Painting illustrating the horrors of the Spanish Civil War by Pablo Picasso |
| Anschluss | The union of Austria with Germany, resulting from the occupation of Austria by the German army in 1938. |
| appeasement | practice of giving in to an aggressor nation's demands in order to keep peace |
| Chamberlain | British statesman who as Prime Minister pursued a policy of appeasement toward fascist Germany (1869-1940) |
| Nazi-Soviet Pact | an agreement between Hitler and Stalin to support each other's goals of aggressive expansion without fighting each other |
| Blitzkrieg | "Lighting war", typed of fast-moving warfare used by German forces against Poland n 1939 |
| Munich Pact | Signed in 1938 between Great Britain, Gemany, and France that gave part of Czechoslovakia to Germany; Chamberlain said it guaranteed "peace in our time" |
| Dunkirk | Port city of France where nearly 300,000 troops were evacuated by British ships to avoid the Nazis |
| Luftwaffe | German airforce. |
| Battle of Britain | an aerial battle fought in World War II in 1940 between the German Luftwaffe (air force), which carried out extensive bombing in Britain, and the British Royal Air Force, which offered successful resistance. |
| Holocaust | the Nazi program of exterminating Jews under Hitler; resulted in the deaths of over 6 million Jews |
| Auschwitz | a Nazi concentration camp for Jews in southwestern Poland during World War II |
| De Gaulle | French general and statesman who became very popular during World War II as the leader of the Free French forces in exile (1890-1970) |
| D-Day | Occurred on June 6, 1944 as Allied troops invaded Normandy France in order to drive the Nazis out |
| Eisenhower | United States general who supervised the invasion of Normandy and the defeat of Nazi Germany |
| Rommel | Commander of German troops in North Africa, known as the "Desert Fox" |
| Hirohito | emperor of Japan during WWII |
| Yalta Conference | "The Big Three", when Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin met in February of '45 in order to plan for post-WW II peace |
| Atlantic Charter | Agreement between US and Britain in August 1941; called for peace without territorial expansion or secret agreements, and for free elections, and self - determination for all liberated nations. |
| Churchill | British statesman and leader during World War II |
| United Nations | organization founded after World War II to promote international peace and cooperation. |
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