| Term | Definition |
| Air | a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the region above the ground. |
| Water | a fluid necessary for the life of most animals and plants |
| Soil | Mixture of mineral and rock particles, the remains of dead organisms, air, and water that forms the topmost layer of Earth's crust and supports plant growth. |
| Rain shadows | An area having relatively little precipitation due to the effect of a barrier |
| Light | a form of energy that travels in waves and can move through empty space; is required for photosynthesis |
| Temperature | the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment (corresponding to its molecular activity) |
| Elevation | distance of something above a reference point (such as sea level) |
| Wind | air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure |
| Climate | average weather conditions of an area over time, including wind, temperature, and rainfall or other types of precipitation |