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DNA deoxyribonucleic acid, the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics nucleotide in a nucleic-acid chain, a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base adenine The base that pairs with Thymine in DNA Thymine The base that pairs Adenine in DNA guanine The base that pairs with Cytosine in DNA Cytosine The base that pairs with Guanine with DNA ribosome small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein mutation change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information mutagen Any agent that can cause a change in DNA pedigree a diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family