Modern Biology 8.1-Chromosomes
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Created by:
kastekar000 on March 17, 2010
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11 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Chromosome | in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA |
| Histone | a type of protein molecule found in the chromosomes of eukaryotic cells, but not in prokaryotic cells |
| Chromatid | one of the two strands of a chromosome that become visible during mitosis or meiosis |
| Chromatin | the material that makes up both mitotic and interphase chromosomes, a complex of proteins and DNA strands that are loosely coiled such that translation and transcription can occur |
| Sex Chromosome | one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual |
| Autosome | any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome |
| Homologous Chromosome | Chromosomes that have the same set of genes, the same structure, and that pair during meiosis |
| Karyotype | a micrograph of the array of chromosomes viable in a cell during metaphase, a graphical display that shows an individual's chromosomes arranged in a homologous pair and in order of diminishing size |
| Diploid | a cell that contains two haploid sets of chromosomes |
| Haploid | describes a cell, nucleus, or organism that has only one set of unpaired chromosomes |
| Centromere | the region of the chromosome that holds the two sister chromatids together during mitosis |
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